DH Pharmacology SG Quiz on H/O Ch1-3 Flashcards
1
Q
prn
A
as needed
2
Q
tid
A
three times a day
3
Q
po
A
orally (by mouth)
4
Q
asa
A
aspirin
5
Q
hs
A
at bedtime
6
Q
qid
A
four times a day
7
Q
ac
A
before meals
8
Q
qd
A
every day
9
Q
bid
A
twice a day
10
Q
qs
A
a sufficient quantity
11
Q
sl
A
sublingual
12
Q
qod
A
every other day
13
Q
ud
A
as directed
14
Q
gtts
A
drops
15
Q
rx is written in what section of a prescription
A
body
16
Q
what affects absorption
A
route of administration, blood flow to organ, surface area of small intestine b/c of microvilli
17
Q
metabolism of drugs primarily occurs in the
A
liver
18
Q
drugs may be excreted from the body by many routes but the most important is
A
kidney in urine
19
Q
excessive amount of the desired action on a target organ
A
toxic reaction
20
Q
the drug produces undesirable effect on a nontarget organ
A
side effects/adverse effects reaction
21
Q
_______+_______= pharmaceutical effect
A
therapeutic effect
adverse effect
22
Q
a genetic abnormal drug response
A
idiosyncratic reaction
23
Q
rash, itching, swelling; anaphylaxes
A
allergic reactions
24
Q
an antihistamine in dental emergency kit to treat mild allergy reactions
A
Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
25
used to treat anaphylactic reactions
epinephrine
26
in addition to antihistamines and epinephrine, _______ may be used to combat an allergic rxn
steroids
27
_______ (doxycline 20mg) is used to treat _________
Periostat
| chronic periodontitis
28
what is the difference between IM (intramuscular) and SC (subcutaneous) drug routes?
SC has good absorption, but slower than IM
29
agent that causes damage to the fetus
tetrogenic
30
allergic reactions
unpredictable
| not dose-dependent
31
idiosyncratic reactions
abnormal drug response
32
side effects
predicable
dose related
nontarget organ sites
33
toxic reactions
predictable
dose related
target organ sites
34
primary therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine is to
reverse allergic reaction
35
trade name for the antihistamine diphenhydramine is
Benadryl
36
epithelium of the oral mucosa helps to form which barrier
oral mucosa/blood barrier
37
sublingual drug route
nitroglycerin tablets
38
buccal drug routes
testosterone buccal system
39
route is usually best for medical emergencies
intravenous (IV)
40
________ (meperidine) is given IM for ________
Demerol
| severe pain
41
example of a drug that works best using subcutaneous route
dental anesthetic solution
42
the tuberculosis test (Mantoux) is an example of which drug route?
intradermal
43
give examples of the transdermal route
Dentipatch
oral contraceptive patch (OCP)
nitroglycerine patch
44
route has localized effects to the oral mucosa
subgingival
45
3 examples of controlled released antimicrobials
atridox
arestin
Periochip
46
local anesthetic gels are an example of which drug route
epicutaneous
47
drug first topical drug prescription to be approved for OTC sales
hydrocortisone
48
conjugation is linked with
highly water-soluble compounds
49
how are weak acids affected by the stomach
nonionized
50
the membrane between the blood and the tissue forms which barrier
blood/tissue barrier
51
cell membrane of the brain is very lipid thus inhibiting what type of drugs
water soluble
52
how are most drugs absorbed
passive diffusion
53
how does the tissue pKa affect the onset of a drug
closer pKa of drug to pKa of tissue, faster onset of action
54
what should a patient taking erythromycin or codeine be told
not to eat large amounts of fatty foods at meals
55
absorption of antibiotics are affected by
food
56
most drug absorption occurs in the ______
| why?
small intestine
| because of its greater surface area from microvilli
57
give the names of 2 drugs that have high first pass metabolism
morphine-a narcotic analgesic
| norepinephrine (or nortriptyline)-an antidepressant
58
phase I metabolism is carried out in the
liver
59
sublingual and buccal drug routes have a _____ drug response
rapid
60
drugs bound to plasma proteins are in what state
inactive
61
when a drug is considered active; what state is drug in
free drug
62
primary site of biotransformation occur in the
liver
63
_______ are drugs that are inactive when administered orally
prodrugs
64
3 examples of orally administered prodrugs
codine, levodopa, benzapril, losartan
65
what are the examples of the prodrugs biotransformed to?
codeine-->active morphine
levodopa-->dopamine
losartan-->cozaar
benazepril-->Lotensin
66
lithium is not metabolized and continues to be active until it eliminated
unchanged in the urine
67
xerostomia assoc with antihistamine use is an example of
side effect
68
not a true allergic reaction to a drug
syncope
69
general anesthetics example of which drug route
inhalation
70
tincture is a soluble drug that contains
alcohol
71
a semisolid preparation in an aqueous or oily base for local topical protective soothing effects that can be applied by rubbing. The external phase is oily
ointment
72
a semisolid preparation in an aqueous and oily base for local topical protective soothing effects. the external phase is aqueous
cream
73
swallow pill route of administration is
entral
74
inhalation considred
parenteral route
75
safest/least expensive
oral
76
rapid drug response
intravascular
77
emergency situation
intravascular
78
patch used for treatment
passive
79
readily moves across biological membranes
nonionized lipid soluble
80
most common protein drugs bond to
plasma albumin
81
organ major site for drug metabolism
liver
82
weakest bond
van der walls
83
reservoir for drug
bound drug
84
circumvents need for injections
intranasal
85
long duration
long half life
86
every other day
qod
87
highly effective in dentistry
topical
88
exerts pharmalogical effects
free drug
89
GI upset
rectal
90
regulated by concentration gradient
passive diffusion
91
microsomal enzyme
p450
92
follows foncentration gradient
facilitated
93
enterohepatic circulation
sublingual
94
can develop adverse skin reaction
transdermal
95
requires energy to transport
active transport
96
asa
asprin
97
regulated by concentration gradient
passive diffusion
98
tid
three times a day
99
by mouth
po
100
every other day
qod
101
as directed
ud
102
every
q
103
four times a day
qid
104
follows concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion
105
after meals
pc
106
as needed
prn
107
before meals
ac
108
bed time
hs
109
drop
gtts
110
sugars can be found in what type of dosage form
syrup
111
t/f
| drug reservoir impenetrable membrane and the adhesive
false
112
schedule drug allows no refills, written prescription must have providers signature
schedule ii
113
urticartial skin eruptions, arthralgia, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, fever: signs of
serum sickness
114
schedule drug may be phoned in
III & IV
115
mild type IV allergic reaction
diphenhydramine
116
drug enforcement number recquired except
tetracyclin
117
bed time abbreviation
hs
118
high potential for abuse
schedule I
119
not need antibiotic premed
cardiac pacemaker
120
chedule II controlled substance
demerol
121
t/f:
| drugs used topically can produce systemic effects
true
122
t/f:
| most drugs can penetrate keratinized epithelium
false
123
t/f:
| toxicity can lead
true
124
drug produces undesirable effect target organ
toxic reaction
125
genetic abnormal drug response
idiosyncratic reaction
126
rash, itching, swelling,
drug allergy
127
dental emergency kit mild allergies
benedryl
128
anaphylactic reaction
epinephrine
129
not true allergic reaction
Syncope
130
strength of a drug
potency
131
once a day abbreviation
qd
132
3 chemical mediators trigger inflammatory response in anaphalactic shock
histamine
leukotrines
prostaglandins
133
hypersensitivity I
(Immediate, anaphalactic)
IgE
Fc receptor to mast cells and basophils
134
hypersensitivity II
```
(cytotoxic)
antibody
lysis
quinine lyses platelets
throbocytopenia
```
135
hypersensitivity III
```
(delayed)
cell
Helper T-lymphocytes
poison ivy
contact dermatitis
```
136
makes prescription legal
date
137
pharmaceutical effect
therapeutic effect + adverse effect
138
bonds that are weakest
van der walls
139
intravenous administration
local anesthetic spray
140
characteristics increase absorption of small intestine
weak base, with high lipid soluble
141
strength of a drug
potency
142
drugs that have teratogenic effects
produce abnormal fetus
143
combined drugs
stimulating hepatic microsomal enzymes
144
pt has developed tolerance to drug, one can assume
needs dosage increased in order for effect
145
easily penetrates blood brain barrier
thiopental
146
elixers have
alcohol
147
studies MOA and how they work in body
pharmacodynamics
148
makes membrane polar molecules
membrane lipids
149
biomolecular leaflet structure
hydrophobic: shielded from water
hydrophilic: comes in contact w/ water
150
_____ pass through hepatic potal circulation first
orally
151
term for pass through hepatic portal circulation
first pass effect
152
safe used by public
therapeutic index
153
medication prescribed
inscription
154
rx symbol
superscription
155
dispensing directions to pharmacist
subscription
156
directions for pt
signa
