Vocab Flashcards
Antigen
triggers the human bodies immune system to create antibodies
Nosocomial
infections that developed in hospital or did not develop until discharge
(HAI - Health Care-Associated Infections)
tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
orthopnea
discomfort when breathing while laying down flat
titers
(number of antibodies) is a measurement of the amount or concentration of a substance in a solution
thoracentesis
procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs
Waldeyer’s ring
a ring of lymphoid tissue that surrounds the throat (encircles the nasopharynx and oropharynx) made up of tonsils, adenoids, and other lymphoid tissue
hemorrhagic
loss of blood from damaged blood vessels
petechia
Small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin that appear in patient’s with thrombocytopenia
hyperplasia`
increase in the NUMBER of cells (appear normal under microscope but mat or may not become cancer)
dysplasia
the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ
not cancer but it may sometimes become cancer
atrophy
reduction in size of cell, organ or tissue after staining its normal mature growth
hypoplasia
reduce in size of cell, organ or tissue that has not attained normal maturity
histology
the study of tissues and cells under a microscope
haft beam block (HBB)
permits avoidance of hot and cold spots. This technique is commonly used w/ field abutment (matchlines) very useful in sparring the underlying inspilater lunch and heart, if the left breast is treated
germinomas
a type of germ cell tumor commonly found in the brain
teratomas
type of germ cell made up of tissues such as hair, muscle and bone
asepsis
The practice that helps reduce the spread of microorganisms
a surface, object, product, or environment has been treated such that it is free of contmination
hematopoietic system
the system of organs and tissues, including the bone marrow
thrombocytopenia
an abnormal decrease in the amount of platelets
hypertrophy
Increase in the size of the cells
urethagram
an examination of the urethra by X-ray imaging, almost always carried out on males
neoplasm
An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Neoplasms may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
autonomy
the right of the the pt to make decisions for themselves free of interference by others. It also recognizes that pt are to be respected for their independence and free Dom to control their own actions and decision making capacity
`Beneficence
doing good and calls on health care professionals to act in the best interest of pt even if it might be inconvenient
Confidentiality
to keep secret
is the ethical principles that binds all seven bioethical principles together
Nonmaleficence
direct health care workers to avoid harmful actions to pt. Professionals must avoid mishandling or mistreating pt in any manner that me constructed as harmful
A patients bill of rights
- High quality pt care
- a clean and safe environment
- pt involvement in his or her care
- protection of a pt privacy
- help when pt leaves the hospital
- help with pt billing claim
contractual model
maintain a business relationship between the provider and pt. A contractual arrangement serves as a guideline for decision making and meeting obligations for services
(best represented by the informed consent)
Ethics
based on values
- culture
- experience
- religion
- science
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
confidentiality
Bereavement
in regards to hospice
the period of grief and muring after a death
Respite care
in regards to hospice
medical care for homeless persons who are too ill or frail to recover
Tort law
tort law is a type of civil law. either unintentional or intentional harmful damage to property or injury to operson
Assault
threat of touching if pt feels threatened and believe they will be touched in a harmful manner
Battery
consist of the actual act of harmful unconsented or unwarranted contact with an individual
False imprisonment
if pt wishes to leave and is not allowed to do so
Libel
written defamation of character
Slander
orlal defamation of character
Invasion of privacy
confidentiality of information has not been maintained or the pt body has been improperly exposed and unnecessarily exposed or touched. Protection of pt modesty is vital during sim, planning, and treatment procedure
Negligence
refers to neglect or omission of reasonable care caution.
ex unintentional injury to a pt may be negligence
malpractice
like negligence but relate it to reltionship
doctrine of personal liability
therapist can be held responsible for their own negligent actions
doctrine of respondent personal
(let the master answer) employer is liable for negligent acts of employees that occur while they carryout the orders
doctorine of res ipsa loquitur
‘the thing speaks for itself’ in court you speak for yourself;
doctrine foreseeability
the injury suffered must be related to foreseeable injury
ex routine radiation therapy equipment checks are important in overcoming this doctrine
Patient liability insurance
hospital liability and malpractice insurance is intended to cover all claims against the hospital that arise from the alleged negligence of physician staff members and employees
epidemiology
study of epidemics
study of covid
Subclinical infection
infection that develops in a person but he or she has no clinically observable signs or symptoms of the infection
host
is the person to whom the infectious agent is passed
incubation
is the time interval between exposure and the appearance of the first symptom
clinical disease
stage is the time interval in which a person exhibits clinical signs and symptoms
Convalence
is the stage of recovery from the illness.
Vector borne transmission
involves a vector that transports an infectious agent to a host.
ex a fly that transport an infectious agent on it’s body or legs
vaccine
serves as a antigen (foreign substance) and thereby triggers the human body’s immune system to creat antibodies
water bath temp
145 F to 165 F
Radiolucent agent
(its negative) low atomic numbers and, as a result, are easily penetrated by x-rays. The spaces containing these compounds (usually in the form of gases) appear dark on radiographs. Air and car- bon dioxide are the most common negative contrast media
Radiopaque agents
(its positive) have high atomic numbers and absorb x ray photons, thus the spaces filled with these agents appear opaque (white) on the film
Gravity
The force responsible for interaction between particles with nonzero mass and has infinite range
Electromagnetic (EM):
This force is responsible for inter- action between electrically charged particles and particles force is responsible for the binding of the electrons and the nucleus to form the atoms, the binding of atoms to form molecules, and the binding of atoms and molecules to form liquids and solids. Production of light or EM radiation is a process associated with EM interactions.
Strong Force
This is a short-ranged force that is responsible for interaction between neutron and proton and other par- ticles belonging to the hadrons family.
Weak Force
This is a short-ranged force that is responsi- ble for interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos. This force is also responsible for radioactive decay of a neutron to a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino, called beta decay.
