ASRT SEAL 2 Flashcards
It is within the therapist’s responsibilities to _________________ treatment when significant changes are noted in the patient’s condition until the physician is consulted.
administer
implement
withhold
change
withhold
Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia and genetic effects follow a ____________ dose-response relationship.
linear
nonlinear
nonlinear, threshold
linear, nonthreshold
linear, nonthreshold
Individual treatment dose indicated in the prescribed dose is known as:
Protraction.
Treatment technique.
Fractionation.
Beam modifier.
Fractionation
The advantages of megavoltage beams for treatment of deep lesions are:
Lower skin dose and greater penetration.
Higher skin dose and greater penetration.
Lower skin dose and less penetration.
Higher skin dose and less penetration.
lower skin dose and greater penetration
The __________ is legally responsible for providing detailed information to the patient to obtain a patient’s
informed consent.
physician
radiation therapist
oncology nurse
care giver
Radiation therapist
The goal of _______________ care is to help dying patients and their families by providing support for quality of life.
interventional
hospice
physical
endurance
hospice
When assisting a patient from a wheelchair to the treatment table, the patient’s ________ should be closer to the side of movement.
right
left
weaker
stronger
stronger
Brachytherapy is commonly used for all of the following cancers, EXCEPT for _____ cancer.
Cervical
Breast
Pancreatic
Prostate
Pancreatic
Intact breast treatment field borders are best described by which of the following?
A
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is just at the inframammary fold.
B
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
C
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
D
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is the midaxillary line.
B
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
The MOST common site for heterotopic bone formation is the:
Olecranon process.
Acetabulum.
Humeral head.
Patella.
Humeral head
The hard palate is part of which subdivision of the head and neck?
Nasopharynx
Oral Cavity
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
Oral Cavity
The TNM staging system is a commonly used staging system in which “T” defines:
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
The status of lymph nodes and the extent of lymph node involvement.
The presence and extent of metastasis.
The type of cancer the patient has.
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
The prostate can be located by the:
Iliac crest.
Acetabulum.
Ischial tuberosity.
Neck of the femur.
Acetabulum.
One rem is equal to:
A 0.1 Sv
B 0.01 Sv
C 0.01 mSv
D 0.1 mSv
B
0.01 Sv
Relative biological effect (RBE) refers to a comparison of the effect of radiation of a test type as compared to the effect of the standard of:
250 kV x-ray.
4MV x-ray.
Cesium- 137.
250 mEv.
Cesium- 137.
Oral defamation is referred to as:
Battery
Assault
Libel
Slander
Slander
If a patient arrives with lab work results indicating a white bood cell count (WBC) of < 2000 g/dl, the therapist should:
Continue treatment as usual.
Discontinue treatment for a few days.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist’s attention prior to treatment delivery.
Treat the patient then, take the patient to see the radiation oncologist overseeing the patient after treatment is completed that day.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist’s attention prior to treatment delivery.
What is the daily tolerance level of the optical distance indicator (ODI)? 1mm 2mm 3mm functional
2mm
The ethical principle that directs health care professionals to avoid harmful actions to patients.
Nonmaleficence
Role Fidelity
Autonomy
Beneficence
Beneficence
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum is the:
Pyloric sphincter.
Fundus.
Body.
Cardiac sphincter.
Pyloric sphincter.
The pituitary can be located by identifying what skeletal structure in the skull?
Cribriform plate
Occipital foramen
Sella tursica
Glabella
Sella tursica
The concept that patients are treated as individuals and informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions.
Autonomy
Informed Consent
Risk Management
Incident
Autonomy
A PA only treatment field is an example of a ___ treatment
2D
3D
complex
IMRT
2D
A deliberate act wherein one person threatens to harm another person without consent and the victim perceives that the other has the ability to carry out the threat.
Battery
Assault
False Imprisonment
Slander
Assault
Vac Fix immobilization devices are used to immobilize all of the following parts of the body, EXCEPT the:
Pelvis.
Abdomen.
Chest.
Head and neck.
Head and neck.
The benefits of brachytherapy include which of the following?
Please select all that apply. Can be performed on an out-patient basis Has a shorter recovery time Is a minimally invasive technique Does not use ionizing radiation
Can be performed on an out-patient basis
Is a minimally invasive technique
TD 5/5 is defined as:
The dose that is necessary to control all but 5% of the tumors.
The total dose absorbed by the tissue irradiated over the 5 week treatment period.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
The whole body dose which will kill 5% of the population within 5 years.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
The doctrine of ________________ describes how a person is injured through no fault of his/her own.
corporate liability
res ipsa loquitur
respondeat superior
assault
res ipsa loquitur
Two power sources used to generate electromagnetic waves for the linear accelerator are the:
Magnetron and electron gun.
Magnetron and klystron.
Klystron and electron gun.
Electron gun and bending magnet.
Magnetron and klystron.
Which of the following is true regarding sensitive screening tests?
They are able to provide true negative results.
The prostate-specific antigen test is an example of a sensitive test.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
They are sensitive tests which are synonymous with those that are specific.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
Which cancer of the brain and/or spinal cord is the MOST likely to seed through the craniospinal fluid?
Medulloblastoma
Oligodendroglioma
Astrocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
Medulloblastoma
Human cells are most radiosensitive in the ______ cycle.
G1
G2
M
S
M
Which of the following refers to a two dimensional image reconstructed from CT data that shows a beam’s eye view of the treatment field?
digitally reconstructed radiograph
field size
localization
verification
digitally reconstructed radiograph
The therapist creates ___________ images to demonstrate reproduction of the treatment area and verify correct beam placement.
localization
clinical
histogram
dosimetry
localization
Erythema typically occurs at: 1,000 - 2,000 cGy. 2,000 - 3,000 cGy. 3,000 - 4,000 cGy. 4,000 - 5,000 cGy.
2,000 - 3,000 cGy.
Radiation exposure during the gestational period of _________ days usually affects the nervous system.
7 to 15
17 to 20
23 to 37
40 to 53
23 to 37
What is the daily tolerance of the laser and treatment isocenter coincidence?
+/- 1 mm
+/- 2 mm
+/- 1 cm
+/- 2 cm
+/- 2 mm
In an isodose distribution, the point where the dose is set at 100% is called the:
Isocenter.
Scatter point.
Central axis.
Normalization point.
Normalization point.
For the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional doses consist of:
4,500 cGy to 5,000 cGy.
5,500 cGy to 6,000 cGy.
6,500 cGy to 7,000 cGy.
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
The junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum is referred to as the:
Sternal angle.
Suprasternal notch.
Costaphrenic angle.
Xiphoid process.
Sternal angle.
A highly reactive species with an unpaired valence or outer shell electron is known as a(n)?
ion
electron
free radicle
proton
free radicle
A ________________ should be used to help hold a patient securely when transferring from a wheelchair to the table.
transfer belt
backboard
sling
footstool
transfer belt
The scattering foil in a linear accelerator is used to:
Decelerate electrons within the field.
Produce the electrons.
Collimate electrons.
Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
Therapists with higher emotional intelligence have more effective ______________ and patient care skills.
information
Role Fidelity
respondeat superior
communication
communication
Orthogonal films are two portal images that are captured ___ degrees apart
0
90
180
270
90
The most anterior lobe of the cerebrum is the:
Occipital lobe.
Parietal lobe.
Frontal lobe.
Temporal lobe.
Frontal lobe.
The cricoid cartilage is at which vertebral level?
C3
C6
C7
T2
C6
Which of the following describes CT simulation lasers? Please select all that apply.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
Consist of four overhead lasers to project the oblique plane.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
Regarding the cell survival curve, _____ is determined by the final portion of the curve. It is an expression of radio sensitivity of the cell.
Dq
n
n-1
D0
D0
Ionic iodine contrast media is referred to:
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a low osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a high osmolality rate.
Non-water soluble and has a low osmolality rate.
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
All of the following can be used to aid in patient positioning, EXCEPT:
Field light.
Wall lasers.
Overhead laser.
Room lights.
Room lights.
Common chemotherapy drugs used for treating breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT:
Carboplatin
paclitaxel (Taxol)
Romidepsin (Istodax)
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
Romidepsin (Istodax)
Topograms:
Are referred to as pilot or scout images.
Are used for patient alignment.
Define the CT scan range.
All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Rectal cancer typically spreads distantly to the:
Small intestine.
Liver.
Skull.
Peritoneal cavity.
Liver.
Level II axillary lymph nodes lie:
Along each side of the sternum.
Near the coracoid process.
Lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle.
Under the pectoralis muscle.
Under the pectoralis muscle.
During which stage of gestation is embryonic death and resorption the most common result of exposure to radiation?
preimplantation
major organogenesis
fetal growth stage
the risk is the same at all stages of gestation
preimplantation
What is the MOST common type of radiation therapy used for cancer treatment?
External beam radiation
Brachytherapy
Proton therapy
Carbon ion therapy
External beam radiation
Which of the following is TRUE regarding multileaf collimator (MLC) leaves?
They are made of lead
Wider leaf width increases conformality of the treatment field
Always replace a set of jaws in the collimator
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
Which of the following tumor sites is MOST OFTEN treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)? Extremity Prostate Larynx Whole brain
Prostate
The result of whole body irradiation to doses in the 1,000 - 5,000 cGy range which will result in system failure of the _____________ is manifested by infection, bone marrow depression, electrolyte imbalance, watery diarrhea, and denudation to the villi in the small intestines.
hemopoietic
gastrointestinal
cerebrovascular
respiratory
gastrointestinal
The area of the lung where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter and exit the lungs is termed the:
Apex.
Mediastinum.
Hilum.
Carina.
Hilum
The Ann Arbor staging system is commonly used to stage which cancers?
Skin
Endometrial
Breast
Lymphoma
Lymphoma. Both Hoskins and non Hodgkin
_______ is the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the degree of differentiation.
Epidemiology
Etiology
Staging
Grading
Grading
Treatment that combines more than one method of treatment is known as: Interdisciplinary. Triform. Multifocal. Multimodality.
Multimodality.
A ______ break in the DNA is efficiently repaired and not significant for cell kill.
single strand
double strand
triple strand
proximal strand
single strand
The proper application of light pressure with fingers to the body is called ____________.
hygiene
contact
palpation
battery
palpation
Which of the following is not one of the four R’s of radiation therapy?
reconfirmation
repopulation
repair
reoxygenation
reconfirmation
Which of the following imaging techniques can produce a 4D image?
MV portal
KV portal
Cone beam CT
Orthogonol pair
Cone beam CT
Which type of interaction is sometimes described as true absorption?
Coherent scattering
Compton effect
Photoelectric effect
Pair production
Photoelectric effec
