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Exam 2 > VNSA15 > Flashcards

VNSA15 Flashcards

1
Q

How many people need to confirm Telephone consent

A

2

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2
Q

Legal age of financial contract in England and Wales

A

18

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3
Q

Legal age of financial contract in Scotland

A

16

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4
Q

Age of legal medical consent

A

16

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5
Q

Why do we withhold Food and Fluids

A
  • Regurgitation
  • Pulmonary acid aspiration syndrome
  • Reduced lung expansion
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6
Q

Starvation periods
* Cats, dogs and ferrets
* Rabbits
* Guinea pigs
* Small rodents
* Birds
* Reptiles

A

Cats dogs ferrets - 3 – 6 hours
Rabbits/G-Pigs/Small rodents- no starvation
Birds-
Reptiles-

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7
Q

Maximum time for
clipping for surgery?

A

24 hours

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8
Q

Agent used when scrubbing pre surgery

A

Agent that contain both antiseptic and detergent
eg. povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine

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9
Q

Properties of Chlorhexidine

A
  • Effective against many bacteria.
  • Viricidal
  • Fungicidal
  • Sporicidal properties
  • Effective level of activity in presence of
    organic material
  • active: Up to 6 hours
  • Low toxicity to tissue
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10
Q

Properties of providine- Iodine

A
  • Iodine combined with a detergent
  • Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
  • Can cause severe skin reactions &irritation
  • Greater contact time required
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11
Q

Ratio of iodine to clean around and on the eye

A

1:100
1:50

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12
Q

Chlorhexidine ratio

A

50:50

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13
Q

Chlorhexidine Ratio for vulva/prepuce

A

1:50

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14
Q

Suture dehiscence?

A

partial or total separation of wound edges,

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15
Q

Hypostatic pneumonia

A

collection of fluid of the lungs

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16
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME?

A

tumour produces chemicals that manafests a group of rare disorders

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17
Q

3 types of Hernias

A
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Umbilical/inguinal
  • Perineal
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18
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection

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19
Q

Paresis

A

partial paralysis, muscle weakness due to nerve damage
or disease

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20
Q

Paralysis

A

Complete or partial loss of muscle
function

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21
Q

hemilaminectomy

A

Spinal surgery

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22
Q

hypovolaemia

A

Low BP

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23
Q

Signs of Ileus

A

*Absence or reduction of faeces
*Abdominal pain
*Vomiting
*Anorexia
*Gas retention

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24
Q

Signs of Internal haemorrhage?

A

*Haemoabdomen
*Tachycardia
*Pale mm
*Cool extremities

25
Q

signs of Peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum – serous lining of the abdominal wall

A
  • Persistent inappetence
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Pyrexia
  • Abdominal distension
  • Signs within 3-5days
26
Q

(ADD) in rabbits?

A

Acquired dental Disease

27
Q

During anaesthesia, puppies and kittens are at risk of

A

Hypothermia

28
Q

Immediate Post-operative Aims

A
  • Reduce mortality
  • promote recovery
  • Improve wound healing
  • Provide analgesia
  • Return to normal function
  • Avoid infection
  • Meet nutritional demands
  • Reduce post-op complications
  • Reduce morbidity
29
Q

What is shock?

A

Acute circulatory collapse
Insufficient oxygen getting to tissues.

30
Q

Body water percentage

A

60% water

31
Q

Intracellular Fluid
Extracellular fluid
(percentages)

A

ICF (40%)
ECF (20%)

32
Q

Extracellular fluids and percentages

A

Interstitial (15%)
Intravascular (5%)
Transcellular (<1%)

33
Q

Shock effects the cells

A
  1. Inadequate supply of O2
  2. Inadequate supply of nutrients
  3. Inadequate removal of metabolic waste -> abnormal cell function
34
Q

Hypovolaemic Shock signs

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Prolonged CRT
  • Pale MM
  • Poor pulse quality
  • Low blood pressure
35
Q

Different types of Distributive Shock

A
  1. Neurogenic shock
  2. Anaphylactic shock
  3. Endotoxic shock
36
Q

Distributive shock symptoms

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Poor pulse quality
  • Red mm – as peripheral vasodilation
  • CRT initially will be rapid
37
Q

Cardiogenic shock symptoms

A
  • Heart murmur
  • Irregular pulses
  • Tachycardia or bradycardia
38
Q

Obstructive Shock?

A

Caused by an obstruction of the
blood flow through the heart or
back to the heart

39
Q

Types of Crystalloids

A
  • Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic
40
Q
  • Isotonic crystalloids are used for?
A
  • Replacement fluids
  • Electrolytes similar to
    ECF
41
Q

What does Hypertonic saline do?

A

Draws fluid out the cells into the
extracellular space to expand plasma volume

42
Q

Colloids

A

Contains molecules with a large
molecular weight
Cannot leave vascular system

43
Q

Hyperperfusion signs

A
  • Tissue oedema
  • Chemosis – oedema of conjunctiva
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Rales, dyspnoea, moist cough,
    tachypnoea
    *Nasal discharge
  • Lethargy
44
Q

Health issues that may be contra-indicated with Fluid Therapy

A

Patients with lung pathology
Increased intracranial pressure
Paediatrics

45
Q

DefineSPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

density of fluid

46
Q

HYPERTONIC

A

Solution of higher osmolarity
than that of the fluids of the body

47
Q

pH

A

Per hydrogen

48
Q

ELECTROLYTE

A

Ions

49
Q

OEDEMA

A

Excess fluid in the body tissues

50
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is greatest

A

at arteriole end
(filtration)

51
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is lowest at which end of a blood vessel

A

at venule end (reabsorption)

52
Q

cations

A

Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Magnesium

53
Q

Anions

A

Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphate

54
Q

Calculation for
Insensible/ Inevitable loss

A
  • 20ml/kg/24 hrs
55
Q

Urinary loss calculations

A
  • 24-48ml/kg/24 hrs
56
Q

Faecal loses

A
  • 10-20ml/kg/24 hrs
57
Q

Angiotensin does what

A

vasoconstriction

58
Q

Aldosterone does what?

A

Increases sodium (Na) retention which increases water
reabsorption

59
Q

Renin activates

A

Aldosterone

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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