Balanced anaesthesia

Question 1

Define Tidal Volume

Answer 1

Volume of air breathed in or out in ONE respiratory cycle (normal
breath)

Question 2

Define RESIDUAL VOLUME:

Answer 2

Air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

Question 3

Define MINUTE VOLUME:

Answer 3

How much air has moved in and out of the lungs in 1minute (Tidal volume x respiratory rate)

Question 4

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

Answer 4

Total amount of air in the lungs (based on 1 breath)

Question 5

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)

Answer 5

Is the total volume of air that can be voluntarily expired in normal
breathing

Question 6

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV):

Answer 6

Is the volume of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume

Question 7

VITAL CAPACITY

Answer 7

Is the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the
lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent

Question 8

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUE CAPACITY (FRC)

Answer 8

Air left in lungs after a quiet respiration

Question 9

PHYSIOLOGICAL (ANATOMICAL) DEAD SPACE

Answer 9

the total volume of gas from mouth to the terminal bronchioles where gaseous exchange does not take place

Question 10

EQUIPMENT (APPARATUS) DEAD SPACE

Answer 10

The volume of gas within the apparatus

Question 11

COMPLIANCE

Answer 11

Measurement of pressure in breathing system
Affects the tidal volume of gas the patient receives

Question 12

NEUROLEPTANALGESIA

Answer 12

Combination of a tranquilising drug and an analgesic

Question 13

Anaesthetic sparing effect

Answer 13

Medical agents that have the ability to reduce the need for the full
anaesthetic agent dose

Question 14

Second gas effect

Answer 14

increases the speed of anaesthesia induction. eg Nitrous oxide

Question 15

Diffusion hypoxia is caused when

Answer 15

Nitrous oxide is turned off and floods alveolar- give 100% oxygen for 5-10 min

Question 16

Triad of Balanced Anaesthesia

Answer 16

1.Loss of consciousness
2.Muscle relaxant
3. Analgesia

Question 17

Sedative and an opiate
analgesic examples

Answer 17

• Benzodiazepine and opiate
• Phenothiazine and opiate
• Alpha-2 agonist and opiate

Question 18

what is TIVA

Answer 18

Total intravenous anaesthesia”

Question 19

what is PIVA

Answer 19

“Partial intravenous anaesthesia”

Question 20

Combination of drugs that is used in short procedures which do not require an anaesthetic agent

Answer 20

• Alpha-2 agonist sedatives
• Opiates
• Ketamine

Question 21

Inhalation agents step by step effect on the body

Answer 21

Inhaled into the lungs
crosses the alveolar membrane
Dissolved into the blood
transported to the brain
crossed blood brain barrier
Exert their effect (unconsciousness)

Question 22

Nitrous Oxide properties

Answer 22

Good analgesic properties
Minimal effect on cardiovascular and respiratory system
Not be used at concentrations greater >70% of the inspired gas mixture

Question 23

Can you use soda lime with Nitrous oxide

Answer 23

No

Question 24

The saturation vapour pressure

Answer 24

is the pressure of a vapour
when it is in equilibrium with the liquid phase

Question 25

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS is used for..

Answer 25

INTRAOCULAR SURGERY
FACILITATE IPPV
LAPAROTOMY
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
THORACIC SURGERY
CV UNSTABLE/ HIGH RISK
OESOPHAGEAL FB’s

Question 26

NMBA Mode of Action

Answer 26

Act on neuromuscular junction
* Stopping transmission of motor nerve impulses to striated
muscle

Question 27

NMBA depolarising agents

Answer 27

Suxamethonium
(Not often used in Veterinary)

Question 28

NMBA non- depolarising agents

Answer 28

vecuronium and atricurium

Question 29

how do you monitor NMBA

Answer 29

electrically stimulating superficial peripheral nerve, and measuring responsive muscle contraction

Question 30

devise used to monitor NMBA

Answer 30

Accelerometer (which measures contractions)

Question 31

How To Reverse NMBA Non-depolarising agents

Answer 31

Anti-acetylcholinesterase

Question 32

Give examples of Anti-acetylcholinesterase

Answer 32

Neostigmine
Edrophonium