Viticulture - Vinification Flashcards
Name two species of American vines.
Vitis Riparia
Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Rupestris
Name the two main ways to propagate a vine.
Layering - marcottage
Cutting (more commonly commercially used in nurseries)
TRUE or FALSE ?
When a vine is propagated by layering or cutting, the child is genetically identical to the mother.
TRUE
What is the definition of a clone?
A mutation of a vine; it remains the same variety, but has developed certain characteristics.
What is Daktulosphaira vitifoliae ?
Phylloxera bug
To what part(S) of the vine does the Phylloxera bug attack ?
Roots and leaves (sap-sucking insect, with time, the damages done to the roots can cut nutrients and water flow to the vine.)
Between Head grafting and Bench grafting, which method is used directly in the vineyard ?
Head Grafting
Flowering occurs about how many weeks after budbreak ?
6 to 13 weeks
What term defines the sugars being moved from the leaf system to the fruits ?
Véraison
Is the vine a self-pollinating plant?
YES
During what moment of the growing season do grapes are subject to develop smoke taint?
Véraison
What effects can have the lack of rainfall during growing season ??
- lower the yields
-smaller berries
-if extreme, the vine can shut down
Between the lateral buds and the dormant buds, which one will mature and develop into a shot the next season ?
Dormant bud
*The lateral one might cause overshading, but may also grow clusters which are called ‘‘second crop’’
What is that formula ?
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis
What is that formula ?
C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2) + E
Alcoholic fermentation
C6H12O6 (glucose) → 2 C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + energy
What is that reaction ?
L-malic acid → CO2 + L-lactic acid
Malolactic fermentation
*** Not a fermentation, but a decarboxylation
A spur usually contains how many buds ?
A cane ?
Spur pruned ; 2-3 buds
Cane pruned: 8 -20 buds
At what temperature does a vine go to dormancy ?
10 degrees celcius and lower
What type of soil can slow down ripening and budburst ?
What type can speed it ?
High water content soils, they warm up slower.
Example ; clay soils
Dark colors - high rock-stone content soils can radiate heat and absorb it ; can ease budburst and ripening, as well as lower the effects of diurnal shifts.
Example ; slate, galets, shist, etc
Name 3 wine regions that experiment large diurnal shifts.
What type of climate are they experimenting ?
- Continental climates *
Yakima Valley AVA
Mendoza
Okanagan Valley
Cafayate Valley
ETC.
Name 3 wine regions that experience strong wind influence ?
Xérés
Northern Rhône Valley
Coastal Region (South Africa)
Mendoza
ETC
Can you explain how sprinkling water in the vineyard can help preventing frost ?
The water sprinkled will provide warmth to the buds while it freeze around it. It will then protect them from the ‘‘outer frost’’.
Name 2 ways of planting a vineyard that can help prevent frost.
- planting on slopes (air circulation, avoids cool mass air in depressions)
- high training systems
- close to body of water that can moderate or reflect the sun and warmth
- chose rocky and dark soils instead of high water contain soils
What effect on the vine can have too intense sunlight with small canopy ?
Name a region where this can happen ?
Sunburn, no canopy to shade and protect the grapes. Results in bitter flavors.
Mendoza, etc.
