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South-Central America Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What major event in the 17th century slowed down the expansion of viticulture in South America?

A

Spanish law that restricted wine production of the colonies and forced grower to uproot their vineyards, in favor of Iberian wines exports.

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2
Q

Between Argentina, Brazil and Chile, which of those country still remain phylloxera free?

A

Chile

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3
Q

Mission grape is identical to which grape of the Canary Islands?

A

Listàn Prieto

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4
Q

Chilian synonym of Mission ?

A

Paìs

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5
Q

Argentinian synonym of Mission?

A

Criolla Chica

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6
Q

How did the Frenchman Claudio Gay impact the viticulture of Chile?

A

He imported pre-phylloxera Vitis Vinifera vines at the University of Chile. (1830) This, and Chile’s isolation due to the Andes, prevented phylloxera to ever enter Chile.

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7
Q

Name the 3 Torrontés varieties found in Argentina. Which one is the most qualitative?

A

Torrontés Riojano
Torrontés Mendocino
Torrontés Sanjuanino

Quality ; Torrontés Riojano

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8
Q

What grape variety used to be confused for Merlot in Chile?

A

Carménère

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9
Q

Sauvignon Vert in Chile would turn out to be what italian grape?

A

Fiulano

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10
Q

What is the northern most regional DO of Chile?

A

Atacama

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11
Q

What is the southern most regional DO of Chile?

A

Austral Region

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12
Q

In what regional DOs of Chile Pisco production is dominant?

A

Atacama and Coquimbo DOs

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13
Q

Name 3 natural features that affect viticulture in Chile.

A

Pacific Ocean : moderating influence
Elevation : Wide range of variations in altitude, vineyards climb from coast to Coastal ranges, than from valleys to the Andes.
Rivers : moderating influence, valleys carved running east to west from the Andes to the coast
Humboldt Current : cool sea air running inland through the river valleys

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14
Q

By Chilean wine law, what is the minimum % of stated vintage, variety and DO that must by in the bottle?

A

75%

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15
Q

In Chile, are the terms Reserva and Reserva Especial regulated by law?

What do they mean?

A

Yes

Higher ABV %, 12% instead of 11.5%
Reserva Especial must spend time in oak.

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16
Q

Minimum ABV % of all Chilean wines, by law?

A

11.5%

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17
Q

Chile grows mostly red or white grapes?

A

Red (70% total acrage)

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18
Q

What is the leading grape grown in Chile?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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19
Q

Name the 3 DOs of Coquimbo Region.

A

Valle del Elqui DO
Valle del Limari DO
Valle del Choapa DO

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20
Q

Where are situated Valle del Huasco DO and Valle de Copiapo DO ?

A

Within Atacama DO, Chile

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21
Q

True or False ? Coquimbo DO is the most mountainous region of Chile.

A

True, the vineyards of Valle del Elqui DO can reach up to 2000 metres elevation.

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22
Q

What are the 3 vineyard categories that have been created in Chile, other than DOs ?

A

Andes
Entre Cordilleras
Costa

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23
Q

Chardonnay is known for quality wine production in Limari DO or Elqui DO ?

A

Limari DO, limestone soils and cooler coastal climate.

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24
Q

Francisco de Aguirre is a project of what producer in Valle del Limari DO ?

A

Concha y Toro

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25
Q

The Aconcagua Valley produces mostly white or red wines?

A

Red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot dominate.

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26
Q

Where can we find Panquehue?

A

Commune of the Valle del Aconcagua DO, Entre Cordilleras, home to Errazuriz.

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27
Q

Who produces Sena ? What style is it and what DO is it from?

A

Errazuriz. Bordeaux blend in Valle del Aconcagua DO.

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28
Q

Valle de Casablanca DO is considered coastal or Entre Cordilleras?

A

Costa (entirely)

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29
Q

What is the warmest DO in the Aconcagua region ?

A

Valle del Aconcagua DO

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30
Q

What are the 2 official DO sub-regions of Valle de San Antonio DO ?

A

Lo Abarca
Valle de Leyda DO

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31
Q

What style of wines are Valle de Casablanca DO and Valle de San Antonio DO known for ?

A

Fresh, crisp and fruity Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay

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32
Q

In what area of Aconcagua DO are we most likely to encounter Pinot Noir ?

A

Valle de San Antonio DO

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33
Q

Sena is a collaboration of Chadwick/Errazuriz with what proeminent Californian producer?

A

Robert Mondavi

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34
Q

What is the dominent grape variety in Errazoriz’s KAI ?

A

Carménère, Valle del Aconcagua DO

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35
Q

What is the dominent grape variety in Errazuriz’s La Cumbre?

A

Syrah, Valle del Aconcagua DO

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36
Q

Within what DO is Santiago situated?

A

Valle de Maipo DO

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37
Q

In what area of the Maipo Valley do we find most of the premium red wines?

A

Puento Alto DO, Andes

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38
Q

What winery is a joint project of Mouton-Rothschild and Concha y Toro?

A

Almaviva, Valle de Maipo

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39
Q

Name 4 quality producers in Valle de Maipo DO.

A

Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, Santa Carolina, Cousino Macul, Almaviva, Haras de Pirque, Ventisquero, Odfjell, De Martino, Antiyal, Carmen

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40
Q

What is Chile’s largest producer?

A

Concha y Toro

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41
Q

Who produces Don Melchor?

A

Concha y Toro, Puento Alto DO, Cabernet Sauvignon Bordeaux Style Blend

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42
Q

What DO is labeled under Vinedo Chadwick ?

A

Puento Alto DO (Valle de Maipo), Cabernet Sauvignon based-blend, with Carménère and/or Petit Verdot

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43
Q

What is the base varietal used to produce Carmin de Peumo?

A

Carménère. Peumo DO (Valle del Cachapoal, Valle del Rapel), Concha y Toro (considered the first icon varietal Carménère.

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44
Q

Where can we find the producer Veramonte?

A

Valle de Casablanca DO

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45
Q

What spanish producer owns stakes in Veramonte winery?

A

Gonzalez Byass

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46
Q

Where are situated San Juan DO and Santo Domingo DO ?

A

DO areas within Valle de Leyda DO

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47
Q

Cabernet sauvignon counts for what % of Valle del Maipo DO’s plantings?
45%
50%
55%
60%

A

50%

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48
Q

Where can we fin Buin DO and Pirque DO ?

A

Do Areas of Valle de Maipo DO (Andes, Alto Maipo), There are also Puento Alto DO and Santiago DO.

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49
Q

Valle del Rapel DO is divided between two DO zones. What are they?

A

Valle del Cachapoal DO
Valle de Colchagua DO

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50
Q

Between Valle de Colchagua DO and Valle del Cachapoal DO, which one is the warmest?

A

Valle del Cachapoal DO
It is isolated from the coast by the Coastal Ranges.

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51
Q

What area of the Valle del Rapel DO is known for quality Carménère?

A

Peumo DO, within Valle de Cachapoal DO

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52
Q

Where is situated Apalta DO?

A

Valle de Colchagua DO (entre Cordilleras)

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53
Q

In order to quality for one of the terms ‘‘Andes’’, ‘‘Costa’’ and ‘‘Entre Cordilleras’’ what % of grapes must be harvest in the designated area?

A

85%

54
Q

Chile spans between what parallels?

A

17 - 53 south latitude

55
Q

What are the effects of the Zonda in Argentinian vineyards?
a. damage flowering stage
b. Provide water for irrigation
c. Keep vineyard clean from fungal disease
d. cools down the air after hot and sunny days

A

a. and c.

56
Q

What Californian producer is partner in Colomé Estate?
a. Mondavi
b. Caymus
c. Hess
d. Turley

A

c. Hess

57
Q

Argentinian highest elevation vineyards are situated in what region?
a. Salta
b. Mendoza
c. Catamarca

A

a. Salta

58
Q

Most planted red grape in Argentina?

A

Malbec

59
Q

True or False? Argentinian Bonarda is genetically related to Italian Bonarda?

A

FALSE
It’s DNA is identical to Savoie’s Corbeau, known as Charbono in USA.

60
Q

What is Argentina most planted white grape?
a. Torrontés
b. Pedro Giménez
c. Chardonnay
d. Chenin Blanc

A

b. Pedro Giménez (not related to Spanish PX, used for bulk wine and grape concentrate)

61
Q

What Chardonnay clone is popular in Argentinian vineyards? What characteristic does it have ?

A

Mendoza Chardonnay

Prone to millerandage
Greater skin-to-juice ratio

62
Q

What are Cereza, Criolla Chica and Criolla Grande

A

Pink-skinned varieties widely planted in Argentina (23% of country’s acreage)

63
Q

On an Argentinian label, the terms Reserva and Gran Reserva are regulated by law. True or False?

A

TRUE

64
Q

When labeled Reserva or Gran Reserva, an Argentinian wine is regulated for which of those aspects;
a. grape variety
b. minimum aging
c. maximum yields
d. origin of the grapes
e. manual harvesting

A

a. (only ‘‘premium’’ grapes, such as malbec or chardonnay, not criolla chica or criolla grande.)
b. Reserva: 6m. for whites and 1 yr. for reds
Gran Reserva: 1yr. for whites and 2 yrs. for reds
c. maximum yields permitted

65
Q

In what Argentinian Gi can we find Yacochuya and Etchart ?

A

Cafayate Gi, Salta, North Region

66
Q

Mendoza Gi consists of what % of total Argentinian agreage in vines?
a. 33%
b. 55%
c. 66%
d. 80%

A

c. 66% Approximately 2 quarters of total acreage

67
Q

Yacochuya is a new project of what famous Argentinian producer?

A

Arnaldo Etchart

68
Q

Name the 3 provinces of Cuyo Gi.

A

Mendoza Gi
La Rioja Gi
San Juan Gi

69
Q

Name the 4 provinces of the North Region of Argentina.

A

Jujuy Gi
Salta Gi
Tucuman Gi
Catamarca Gi

70
Q

Valles Calchaquies Gi encompasses which Gis ?

A

Salta Gi and Tucuman Gi

71
Q

Famatina Gi is situated within what province?

A

La Rioja Gi

72
Q

Place from North to South the following GIs of Argentina;
Catamarca, Rio Negro, Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Jujuy, San Juan

A
  1. Jujuy
  2. Catamarca
  3. San Juan
  4. Mendoza
  5. Buenos Aires
  6. Rio Negro
73
Q

Which of those GIs contains the highest elevation vineyards?
Cafayate Gi
Cachi Gi
Tupungato Gi

A

Cachi Gi (3000m)

74
Q

What are Tulum, Zonda, Jachal and Pedernal ?

A

Department Gis of San Juan GI, Argentina.

75
Q

What are the 2 DOCs of Argentina?

A

Lujan de Cuyo DOC
San Rafael DOC
(within Mendoza GI)

76
Q

Susana Balbo project in Mendoza?

A

Dominio del Plata, Lujan de Cuyo

77
Q

Chenin Blanc is the principal grape in which Mendoza region ?

A

South Mendoza

78
Q

Match a district with a department;
Perdriel IG
La Consulta GI
Paraje Altamira GI
Vista Flores GI
Las Compuertas IG

A
79
Q

Match a district with a department;
Perdriel IG
La Consulta GI
Paraje Altamira GI
Vista Flores GI
Las Compuertas IG

A

Perdriel, Lujan de Cuyo
La Consulta, San Carlos
Paraje Altamira, San Carlos
Vista Flores, Tunuyan
La Compuestas, Luja de Cuyo

80
Q

What Argentinian producer is closely related to Sherry Producer Domecq?

A

Terrazas de los Andes (The property home to the winery was founded in 1898 and was owned for a century by Domecq. In 1996, the brand Terrazas de los Andes was founded by LVMH.)

81
Q

Cheval des Andes is a project between Terrazas de los Andes and …. ?

A

Château Cheval Blanc

82
Q

Which of those is not within Uco Valley GI of Mendoza?
Tupungato
Tunuyan
La Paz
San Carlos

A

La Paz (East Mendoza)

83
Q

Name the 3 department GIs of Mendoza’s Primera Zona.

A

Lujan de Cujo
Maipu
Godoy Cruz

84
Q

Where is General Alvear IG ?

A

South Mendoza

85
Q

Name the 4 provinces of Patagonia GI

A

Rio Negro GI
Neuquén GI
Chubut
La Pampa

86
Q

Within which Patagonia Province is situated Trevelin IG?

A

Chubut

87
Q

What winery is closely related to Sassicaia ?

A

Bodega Chacra, Rio Negro

88
Q

In what South America Country did Moët et Chandon invest in a Sparkling wine project ?

A

Brazil, Chandon Brazil, Serra Gaucha, Rio Grande del Sul

89
Q

Where in Rio Grande do Sul?

A

Brazil
90% of the country’s production is within Serra Gaucha (most developped viticultural area.)

90
Q

In what valley of Brazil winemakers are able to harvest twice a year?
Sao Joaquim
Sao Francisco Valley
Serra Gaucha

A

Sao Francisco Valley
(North of Brazil, Tropical climate)

91
Q

Where is Vale dos Vinhedos?

A

Brazil, within Serra Gaucha region. First Origin indication of the country (2002)

92
Q

Who produces Finca Mirador?

A

Achaval-Ferrer (Mendoza IG, 100% Malbec)

93
Q

Who produces Altura Maxima?

A

Bodega Colomé (Valles Calchaquies IG, 3111 metres elevation)

94
Q

Who produces Alberto Malbec?

A

Bodega Noemia de Patagonia (Rio Negro)
95% Malbec 5% Merlot (Ungrafted vine planted in 1955)

95
Q

Rio de la Plata separates which 2 countries?

A

Uruguay and Argentina

96
Q

In what country are Montevideo and Canelones situated?

A

Uruguay (60% of the country’s production in Canelones)

97
Q

What is Singani?

A

Bolivian Grape Spirit
(Pisco of Bolivia)

98
Q

Where are Santa Cruz and Cinti Valleys?

A

Bolivia

99
Q

Where is Ica?

A

Peru, heartland of Peruvian wine production.

100
Q

Which of those wines is not Malbec Based?
Catena Zapata Argentino
Zuccardi Finca Los Membrillos
Zuccardi Piedra Infinita
Bodega Noemia A Lisa

A

Zuccardi Finca Los Membrillos (Cabernet Sauvignon, Paraje Altamira)

101
Q

Terrazas de los Andes single vineyard Cabernet sauvingon name?

A

Los Alamos

102
Q

Grape for Lujan de Cuyo DOC?

A

Malbec

103
Q

Parentage of malbec?

A

Madeleine noire des charentes X Prunelard

104
Q

Pergola term in Argentina?

A

Parral

105
Q

Bodega Chacra Mainqué is based with what varietal?

A

Chardonnay

106
Q

synonym tannat in uruguay

A

harriague

107
Q

promising white grape in uruguay

A

albarino

108
Q

what Cabeza term mean?

A

Bush vine in Chile

109
Q

Between 2016-2017-2018, what is considered the most quality vintage in Chile?

A

2018
2016 - rainy
2017 - very hot

110
Q

Rio Tinquiririca is sutuated south of what important region?

A

Apalta

111
Q

Manso de Valesco is produced by who? Where is it from?

A

Torres, Valle de Curico DO, 100% Cabernet Sauvignon more than 115 years old

112
Q

What was the first wine producing country in the Americas?

A

Mexico, 16hcentury.
In 1521, Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztec Empire and named it New Spain (Mexico). He ordered the native slaves to plant vines, Vitis Vinifera brought from Europe.

113
Q

In what country is found L.A. Cetto Winery?

A

Mexico, Baja California, Guadalupe Valley

114
Q

In what country do we find Querétaro ?

A

Mexico, important wine producing state in the center of the country. 700-3300m altitude, semi-arid climate, chalk - sand soils

115
Q

Where is Casa Madero situated?

A

Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila state, Mexico (valley oasis in the desert, bordering Texas) Oldest winery in the Americas, founded in 1597.

116
Q

Why is Claudio Guay important for Chilean viticulture history?

A

in 1830, he set up a a stock of pre-phylloxera vitis vinifera vines at the University of Chile. These vines served to plant Chile’s vineyard and avoid the phylloxera crisis around in America.

117
Q

Parentage of Torrontés?

A

Criolla Chica X Muscat d’alexandrie

118
Q

What is the difference between a Reserva and a Reserva Especial wines in Chile?

And between Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva?

A

Wood aging. Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva must spend time in oak.

Both Reserva Especial and Reserva require a minimum ABV of 12%

Both Gran Reserva and Reserva Privada require a minimum ABV of 12.5%

119
Q

In the 21rst century, many DNA researches have been made to in South America. Many Sauvignon Blanc plantings in Chile revealed to be what varietal?

A

Friulano/Sauvignon Vert

120
Q

What is the impact of the Humbolt Current?

A

Coming from the southern Pacific Ocean, it forces cool air through the coastal range and river valleys. It cools the vines and helps moderate the climate.

121
Q

Chilean pisco is MOSTLY made from what varietal?

A

Muscat d’Alexandrie, and Pink Muscat

122
Q

Puro, Acholado and Mosto Verde are all related to what beverage?

A

Peruvian Pisco

Pisco Puro: From Single-variety wine fermented to dryness

Acholado : From a blend of base wines from different varietals

Musto Verde : Made from partially fermented must (single variety or blend)

123
Q

What is a Piscola?

A

Pisco + Coke (Chile)

124
Q

What is the traditional citrus used for a Peruvian Pisco sour?

A

Limon de Pica ; small citrus similar to key lime

125
Q

How can a Chilean Pisco aged in wood be called?

A
  • Pisco Reservado
  • Gran Pisco
  • Pisco Guarda (minimum 180 days in new French or American oak
  • Pisco Envejecido (minimum 1 year in new oak
126
Q

Main natural feature that impacts the Aconcagua Valley DO ?
A. Aconcagua Mountain
B. Aconcagua River
c. Pacific Ocean

A

B. Aconcagua River

127
Q

What region of Chile is the most moutainous?

A

Coquimbo Region. Highest vineyards are found in the Elqui Valley DO (2000 meters)

128
Q

Where do we find the commune of Penquehue?

A

Aconcagua Valley DO (errazuriz, Sena)

129
Q

Why are Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley DOs cooler climate, opposite to the neardy Maipo and Aconcagua Valleys DOs?

A

They are situated on the western side of the Coastal Range, they benefit from the maritime influence.

130
Q

In 2019, a new IG has been added in the Cuyo Region. What is it?

A

San Luis IG

131
Q

carmin de peumo, who produces it ?

A

concha y toro

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