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France Flashcards

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1
Q

TRUE or FALSE? Loire River is the longest river in France ?

A

TRUE, runs from the Massif Central to the Atlantic Ocean.

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2
Q

What year was the first appellation d’origine contrôlé created?

A

1936

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3
Q

What entity regulates the AOP system in France ?

A

INAO (Institut national de l’origine et de la qualité)

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4
Q

What types of soils compose the Armorican Massif?

A

Metamorphic rocks (gneiss, slate, schist, granite)

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5
Q

What area of the Loire Valley is situated in the Armorican Massif?

A

West of Angers (Pays Nantais and part of Anjou-Saumur)

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6
Q

Which wine regions of France are situated in the Bassin de Paris?

A

Champagne
Chablis
Eastern Loire Valley (Saumur, Touraine, Central Vineyards)

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7
Q

What type of soils define the Bassin de Paris?

A

Sedimentary soils, with calcareous sub-soils

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8
Q

What climates define the Pays Nantais and Anjou ?

A

Maritime

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9
Q

What part of the Loire Valley has the greatest continentality?

A

Central Vineyards

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10
Q

Synonym of Cabernet France in the Loire Valley?

A

Breton

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11
Q

What are the two most planted grape varieties in the Loire Valley?

A

Cabernet Franc (25%)
Sauvignon Blanc (16%)

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12
Q

Pineau de Loire, Gros Pineau and Plant d’Anjou are all synonym of what grape?

A

Chenin Blanc

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13
Q

Melon B and Latran are synonym of what grape?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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14
Q

Melon B, Gamay, Romorantin and Chardonnay would all be offsprings of the same two grape varieties. Which ones?

A

Gouais Blanc
Pinot

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15
Q

What synonym is given to Sauvignon blanc in the Loire?

A

Blanc Fumé

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16
Q

Why was Melon B widely planted in the colder Pays Nantais region?

A

Hardy variety, high-yielding, less susceptible to frost.

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17
Q

Name two synonym of Menu Pineau.

A

Arbois
Orbois

White variety, mostly used in blends. Used to be widely planted, before being replaced by Sauvignon Blanc.

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18
Q

For what types of wines is Chardonnay mostly used in the Loire Valley?

A

Back bone of still white blends
Sparkling wines

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19
Q

What are the parents of Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Cabernet Franc
Sauvignon Blanc

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20
Q

Waht is the more common name of Chenin Noir?

A

Pineau d’Aunis

High yielding grape, produces light red wines, mostly used in blends and rosé wines.

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21
Q

Name the synonym of Malbec in the Loire Valley.

A

Côt

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22
Q

What are the two regional AOPs of the Loire Valley that cover Anjou-Saumur, Touraine and part of the Pays Nantais?

A

Crémant de Loire AOP
Rosé de Loire AOP

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23
Q

Name the 4 IGPs in the Loire Valley.

A

IGP Val de Loire
IGP Côtes de la Charité
IGP Coteaux de Tannay
IGP Coteaux du Cher et de l’Arnon

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24
Q

Minimum time spent on lees for Crémant de la Loire AOP.

A

9 months

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25
Q

What grape variety is most commonly the main blending grape of Crémant de Loire AOP?

A

Chenin Blanc

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26
Q

Allowed grapes for Crémant de Loire AOP.

A

Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Noir, (Max. 30% Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d’Aunis)

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27
Q

What method is mandatory for Crémant de Loire AOP?

A

Traditional method, second fermentation in the bottle

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28
Q

Are Rosé de Loire AOP wines dry, off-dry or sweet?

A

Dry, max. residual sugar 3g/L

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29
Q

Rosé de Loire AOP is mainly made with Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. True or false?

A

False, Grolleau/Grolleau gris and Cabernet Franc mostly (Cab.S. Pinot Noir, Gamay and Pineau d’Aunis allowed.)

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30
Q

What is Grés de Vosges?

A

Pink sandstone soil found in Alsace.

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31
Q

Gutedel is associated with which grape in Alsace?

A

Chasselas

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32
Q

What is Muschelkalk ?

A

Type of soil. Calcareous rock formed of limestone, clay and fossils. It is found in many Grand Crus of Alsace, as well as Burgenland and some regions of Germany.

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33
Q

Synonym of Chardonnay in Burgundy.

A

Beaunois

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34
Q

Most planted grape variety in Burgundy.

A

Chardonnay

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35
Q

What grape variety is also named Morillon and Noirien?

A

Pinot Noir

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36
Q

What event in 1395 casted a shadow to Gamay reputation?

A

Philip the Bold’s ban cultivation of Gamay within Burgundy’s territory.

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37
Q

True or false? Aligoté is a sibling of Chardonnay.

A

TRUE. Gouais Blanc X Pinot cross

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38
Q

What AOP of Burgundy produces Sauvignon Blanc based wines?

A

Saint-Bris AOP

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39
Q

Burgundy AOPs that can be Gamay based wines.

A
  • Bourgogne Gamay AOP (min.85%, IF vineyard in Beaujolais Cru AOP)
  • Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains AOP (min.15%, min 30% PN, max.15% Chardo, PB, PG. Vinified together)
  • Coteaux Bourguignons AOP (gamay + PN)
  • Mâcon AOP (Gamay + PN, 100% Gamay with Geo. Designation)
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40
Q

What are La-Chapelle-Notre-Dame, Le Chapitre, Montrecul and Côte-Saint-Jacques?

A

Lieux-dits that can be added to Bourgogne AOP

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41
Q

Name the 4 Communal Geographical sub-zones of Bourgogne AOP.

A

Bourgogne-Chitry AOP
Bourgogne-Coulanges-la-Vineuse AOP
Bourgogne-Épineuil AOP
Bourgogne-Tonnerre AOP

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42
Q

Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP may only be produced in 4 communes of the Côte de Nuits, Which ones?

A

-Brochon
-Premeux
-Corgoloin
-Comblanchien

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43
Q

A wine labeled Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP is most likely to be what style?

A

Only still red wine, PN

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44
Q

What styles of wine does Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP produce?

A

White and red still wines

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45
Q

True or false? Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP reds can be produced in Pommard and Volnay communes?

A

FALSE. Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP wines can only be red wines produces in any communes of the côte de Beaune, EXCEPT Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton and Beaune.

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46
Q

What AOP of Burgundy is based on traditional field blends of the past?

A

Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains AOP

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47
Q

What commune is known for Crémant de Bourgogne production?

A

Rully

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48
Q

Bourgogne Mousseux AOP may only be red. True or False?

A

True. Only traditional method sparkling reds. Gamay + PN (principal varieties)

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49
Q

Minimum aging time on lees for Crémant de Bourgogne and Bourgogne Mousseux AOPs?

A

9 months

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50
Q

What do the term Eminent and Grand Eminent mean, referring to Crémant de Bourgogne?

A

Classification of the Union des Producteurs et Élaborateurs de Crémant de Bourgogne (UPECB)
Eminent; 2 years on lees, Chardo, PN, Gamay and Aligoté only)
Grand Eminent; 3 years on lees, Chardo, PN, max 20% Gamay for Rosés, max. 75% press, max 15g/L RS.

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51
Q

True or False ? A Crémant de Bourgogne Eminent can only be made of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

A

False, allowed varieties also include Gamay and Aligoté.

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52
Q

Minimum aging of Crémant de Bourgogne Eminent and Grand Eminent.

A

Eminent; 2 years
Grand Eminent; 3 years

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53
Q

How many Grand Cru AOPs are there in the Côte d’Or ?

A

32

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54
Q

How many Grand Crus AOPs are there within Chablis AOP ?

A

7

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55
Q

What is the smallest Grand Crus AOP of Burgungy?

A

La Romanée AOP (0,85ha) Smallest AOP in France

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56
Q

Who’s monopole is La Romanée AOP?

A

Comte Liger-Bélair

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57
Q

How many Crus Villages are there in Beaujolais?

A

10

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58
Q

What does the term Murgers mean ?

A

Pile of rocks removed from the vineyard during tilling.

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59
Q

What IGP overlaps Beaujolais, Northern Rhône and Savoie?

A

Comtés Rhodaniens IGP

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60
Q

In what département is Beaujolais situated in ?
Chablis?

A

Beaujolais; Saône-et-Loire
Chablis; Yonne

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61
Q

What two Catholic monastic orders are responsible for most of the vineyard delimitations and quality winemaking in Burgundy?

A

Benedictines and Cistercians

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62
Q

What famous plot in Burgundy used to be known as ‘‘Clos de Cinq Journaux’’ in the 12th century.

A

Romanée-Conti (Benedictine plow; the Priory of Saint-Vivant de Vergy would have received a gift of unplanted land, around 1131.)

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63
Q

What major book was published in 1855 had a great impact on the vineyard classifications of Burgundy?

A

Jules Lavalle’s Histoire et statistique de la vigne et des grands vins de la Côte d’Or. It became a benchmark classification of the climats and formed a based hierarchy for the AOC system.

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64
Q

Define provignage.

A

Layering (planting new vines by burrying a cane from a mother vine, etc.)

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65
Q

Difference between Fermage and Métayage.

A

Fermage: Tenant pays to lease land
Métayage: Form of Sharecropping, the farmer produces wine for both labels (owner and himself).

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66
Q

Was was the impact of the Napoleonic Code on Burgundy’s vineyards.

A

Fragmentation of vineyards and parcels, which would split estates, making every male sons have equal inheritance, instead of only the firstborn son.

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67
Q

Biggest vineyard holder of the Côte d’Or?

A

Bouchard Père & Fils (130ha)
(Louis Jadot ; 150ha, but all around Burgundy.)

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68
Q

What is the most commonly used training system in Burgundy?

A

Guyot simple or double (head-trained, cane-pruned with one spur)
**Chablis: Taille Chablis, cane-pruned system
**Cordon de Royat is also encountered, cordon-trained, one permanent wood arm.
**Gobelet: Beaujolais

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69
Q

What is the most common orientation of the rows the Côte d’Or?
East-West
or
North-South

A

East-west, running down the slopes, not parallel to them.

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70
Q

What famous Grand Cru is planted with rows running north-south?

A

La Romanée

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71
Q

What is the traditional planting density in the Côte d’Or?

A

10 000 vines per hectare, the minimum by law is 9 000.

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72
Q

What vintage was marked by a Ladybug problem during harvests in Burgundy?

A

2004 and 2011

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73
Q

What is Flavescence dorée?

A

disease caused by phytoplasma (bacteria), spreaded by leafhopper insects. Vine growth slows, berries shrivel, leaves yellow and vine may die. No cure.

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74
Q

Clos Saint-Denis is a monopole of Dujac?

A

False

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75
Q

Bonne-Mares is split between what two villages?

A

Chambolle-Musigny and Morey-st-Denis

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76
Q

Which of those technics would be considered modern in Burgundy?
a. Aging in neutral oak
b. extended cold maceration
c. Whole cluster fermentation
d. sélection massale

A

Extended cold maceration

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77
Q

Clos de Tavannes is a top premier cru in what AOP?

A

Santenay AOP

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78
Q

Minimum ABV % for Chablis Premier Cru ?
10.5%
11%
11.5%
12%

A

11%

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79
Q

Pouilly-Fuissé includes all of the listed communes, except;
a. Solutré
b. Lugny
c. Vergisson
d. Chaintré

A

Lugny

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80
Q

What was blamed for pyrazine0like aromas in the wines of 2004 and 2011 vintages in Burgundy?
a. harmonia xyridis
b. Flavescende dorée
c. Eutypa dieback

A

a. harmonia xyridis (ladybug)

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81
Q

The Côte d’or is situated on what geographical fault?

A

Saone

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82
Q

Domaine Joblot is a top estate in which AOP?

A

Givry

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83
Q

Who produces ‘‘Vigne de l’Enfant Jesus’’?

A

Bouchard

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84
Q

Who was the first producer in the Côte d’Or to adopt a biodynamic approach?

A

Jean-Claude Rateau

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85
Q

What is the highest elevation cru in Beaujolais?

A

Chiroubles

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86
Q

Which of those Grand Crus is NOT produced by François Raveneau?
Vaudésir
Blanchot
Les Clos
Valmur

A

Vaudésir

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87
Q

Beaujolais Primeur may not be released before what date?

A

3rd thursday of November

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88
Q

Match the lieu-dits with a Beaujolais Cru.
Les Capitans
Côte de Py
La Madonne
Chapelle des Bois
Les Côtes
Les Charmes
Pisse-Vieille
L’Écluse

A

Les Capitans - Juliénas
Côte de Py - Morgon
La Madonne - Fleurie
Chapelle des Bois - Fleurie
Les Côtes - Chiroubles
Les Charmes - Morgon
Pisse-Vieille - Brouilly
L’Écluse - Côte-de-Brouilly

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89
Q

What is the highest elevation Beaujolais Cru?

A

Chiroubles

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90
Q

In what Beaujolais Cru can we find Roche Pourrie?

A

Morgon, iron rich schist-basalt

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91
Q

Who are the Gang of four?

A

Marcel Lapierre, Guy Bréton, Jean-Paul Thévenet, Jean Foillard

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92
Q

Maximum % of Gamay de Bouze that can be added to Beaujolais red and rosé wines?
What particularity does the grape have?

A

10% Maximum
Teinturier grape

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93
Q

Difference in ABV % between Beaujolais rouge and Beaujolais rouge Supérieur.

A

10.5% instead of 10%

94
Q

Clos de la Roilette did not label its wines Fleurie AOP when the AOP was created in 1936. Why ?

A

Clos de la Roilette used to be part of Moulin-à-vent commune. When the new designation delimitations put him within Fleurie AOP, this upset the owner and he refused to label his wines Fleurie. The estate also shares the same soils than Moulin-à-vent, instead of Fleurie’s Gore soils.

95
Q

Smallest Cru Beaujolais?

A

Chénas

96
Q

Chénas wines can also be labeled as … AOP

A

St-Amour AOP

97
Q

Smallest Chablis Grand Cru AOP

A

Grenouilles

98
Q

La Moutonne is shared between what Grands Crus ?

A

Preuses and Vaudésirs

99
Q

Which of those Premiers Crus are situated on the left bank of the Serein River?
Fourchaume
Vaillons
Beauroy
Montmains
Montée de Tonnerre
Mont de Milieu

A

Vaillons, Beauroy, Montmains

100
Q

Beaujolais region runs along what river?

A

Saône

101
Q

Butteaux and Forêts Premiers Crus are situated within what other premier cru?

A

Montmains

102
Q

Which of those producers is most related to reductive winemaking?
Jean-Paul and Benoit Droin
Louis Michel et Fils
Vincent Dauvissat
Christian Moreau

A

Louis Michel et Fils

103
Q

Sort from North to South the following villages;
Vosne-Romanée
Marsannay
Maranges
Ladoix-Serrigny

A

Marsannay
Vosne-Romanée
Ladoix-Serrigny
Maranges

104
Q

Maximum % of white grapes allowed in most Burgundy reds.
Name a reason why they are allowed?

A

15%
PN highly prone to mutation in the vineyards

105
Q

Name a quality producer of Marsannay AOP

A

Bruno Clair, Sylvain Pataille, Jean Fournier, Château de Marsannay, Domaine Bart

106
Q

Where is situated the lieux-dit Le Chapitre?

A

Marsannay

107
Q

Name the 9 Grands Crus AOPs of Gevrey-Chambertin.

A

Mazis-Chambertin
Ruchottes-Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Bèze
Chambertin
Latricières-Chambertin
Chapelle-Chambertin
Griotte-Chambertin
Charmes-Chambertin
Mazoyères-Chambertin

108
Q

Match the producer with a village;
Perrot-Minot
Frédéric Mugnier
Méo Camuzet
Emmanuel Rouget
Marquis d’Angerville
Ramonet

A

Perrot-Minot, Gevrey-Chambertin
Frédéric Mugnier, Chambolle-Musigny
Méo Camuzet, Vougeot
Emmanuel Rouget, Flagey-Échezeaux
Marquis d’Angerville, Volnay
Ramonet, Puligny-Montrachet

109
Q

What other grand cru of Gevrey-Chambertin can be labelled as Charmes-Chambertin AOP ?

A

Mazoyères-Chambertin

110
Q

Clos de Tart AOP is a monopole of ?

A

Artemis Group (François Pinault)

111
Q

What Tonnellerie is based in Saint-Romain?

A

Tonnellerie Frères

112
Q

Clos des Lambrays AOP is a monopole of what producer?

A

TRAP, it is not a monopole. 0,1ha is owned by Taupenot-Merme, the rest is solely owned by domaine des Lambrays (LVMH)

113
Q

What communes of Côte Chalonnaise only produce white wines?

A

Montagny (Chardo) and Bouzeron (Aligoté)

114
Q

macon village can only be…

A

white

115
Q

What is used to chaptalize wines in Burgundy?

A

Beet sugar

116
Q

Which of those producers is more likely to used whole-cluster vinification?
Dujac or Henri Jayer

A

Dujac

117
Q

Whole-bunch pressing of white grapes elevates the pH of the must. True or False?

A

FALSE.
whole-bunch pressing produces a cleaner, less phenolic and lower pH must.

118
Q

Is acidification legal in Burgundy?

A

Yes.

119
Q

Most white wines of Chablis and Côte d’Or undergo Malolactic Fermentation. True or False

A

True

120
Q

Size of a Burgundy Pièce?

A

228L

121
Q

Size of the Feuillettes in Chablis?

A

132L

122
Q

What river runs through Chablis?

A

Serein River

123
Q

In what département is Chablis situated?

A

Yonne

124
Q

What defines Kimmeridgian soils?

A

Crumbly, chalky marl (clay - limestone) that contains abundant Exogyra Virgula fossils (oyster shells). Kimmeridgian refers to an Age in the Upper Jurassic Epoch, 150-157 million years ago, named after the village of Kimmeridge in Dorset, UK.

125
Q

In what 3 wine regions of France can we find Kimmeridgian soils?

A

Central Vineyards (Loire - Sancerre), Champagne, Chablis

126
Q

What soil type, other than Kimmeridgian, do we find in Chablis vineyards?

A

Portlandian limestone, harder cap rock with less clay content than Kimmeridgian marl. It is mostly found on plateaus and ridges along the Serein river, on more exposed and cooler vineyards, often within Petit Chablis AOP delimitations.

127
Q

La Moutonne is a monopole of what producer?

A

Long-Depaquit

128
Q

Chablis Grand Cru AOP vineyards are situated on what side of the Serein River?

A

Right bank. Best south-southwest hillsides and kimmeridgian soils.

129
Q

Name the 7 Grands Cru vineyards of Chablis.

A

Valmur
Vaudésirs
Preuses
Les Clos
Bougros
Blanchot
Grenouilles

130
Q

What is the biggest Chablis Grand Cru in term of acrage?

A

Les Clos (27ha)

131
Q

What is the smallest Chablis Grand Cru in term of acrage?

A

Grenouilles (9ha)

132
Q

Name 3 quality producers of Montée de Tonnerre.

A

Billaud-Simon, Louis Michel et Fils, François Raveneau, Jean Collet, Vocoret, Patrick Piuze, etc.

133
Q

the 3 lieux-dits Chapelot, Côte de Bréchain and Pied d’Aloup can be labeled under which Chablis Premier Cru?

A

Montée de Tonnerre

134
Q

Clos des Hospices is situated within which Grand Cru?

A

Les Clos

135
Q

Clos des Hospices is a monopole of what producers?

A

Christian Moreau & Louis Moreau

136
Q

Billaud-Simon is owned by what producer from Nuits-Saint-Georges?

A

Faiveley, since 2014

137
Q

Long-Depaquit is owned by which Beaune négociant ?

A

Albert Bichot

138
Q

Who produces Chablis Saint-Pierre?

A

Vincent Dauvissat. Basic Chablis AOP cuvées, vineyards bordering Premiers crus parcels.

139
Q

What is the northern most AOP of Burgundy ?

A

Bourgogne-côte-saint-jacques AOP

(Bougogne lieux-dit official sub-zone, commune de Joigny, Yonne)

140
Q

How many ouvrées are there in 1 hectare ?

A

24 ouvrées

141
Q

What is Exogyra Virgula ?

A

Fossilised Oyster (found in Kimmeridgean soils, bassin de Paris)

142
Q

In Burgundy, what does the term chevet mean ?

A

water chanel

143
Q

Négociant project from Domaine de Montille ?

A

Deux Montille

144
Q

Benjamin Leroux is associated to what Domaine ?

A

Comte Arnaud, Pommard

145
Q

Biggest land owner of all Burgundy ?

A

Joseph Drouhin (150ha)

146
Q

Between Louis Jadot, Joseph Drouhin and Bouchard Père et Fils, which négociant is the oldest ?

A

Bouchard père et Fils (1731)

147
Q

Referring to Burgundy, what does the term en foule mean ?

A

Gobelet-trained vineyards before the replants in orderly rows (pre-phylloxera)

148
Q

What does provignage mean ?

A

layering

149
Q

Between single Guyot and double Guyot, which one is more common on the Côte d’or ?

A

Simple guyot (one cane+one spur)

150
Q

Can you name 3 exceptions to the generic rule of east-west orientation of the rows in the côte d’Or?

A

Clos des Lambrays
La Romanée
Clos de Tart

151
Q

Jules Lavalle published important texts during what century ?

How is his work important to Burgungy ?

A

1850s

He classified the vineyards and climats of Burgundy. Hos work is still the base for the official Burgundy wine regulations.

152
Q

What was carbon disulfite used for ?

A

To combat Phylloxera bug in the 19th and early 20th century.
(Highly toxic and flammable pesticide)
Was widely used in Burgundy, many vignerons were afraid to replant and used chemicals at high extends. (Romanée-conti was only replanted on rootstocks in 1945 and heavily sprayed with carbon disulfate)

153
Q

What domaine was the first to adopt biodynamic viticulture in Côte d’Or ?

A

Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau (1979)

154
Q

On a regular basis, what diseases and viruses are Burgundy vignerons fighting against ? (name 3)

A

Esca (fungal disease, wood necrosis)
Eutypa Dieback (trunck fungal disease)
Grey rot
Powdery and downy mildew
Dead arm

Court-noué ; grapevine fanleaf virus, spread by nematodes

Flavescence dorée ; disease spread by bateria, by leafhopper

155
Q

Why can the ladybug give pyrazine like aromas to wines ?

A

They secrete pyrazines as pheromones

156
Q

What is Harmonia Axyridis ? What vintages were greatly impacted by it in Burgundy ?

A

Ladybug

2004-2011

157
Q

chablis is siting on what parallel ?

A

48th

158
Q

What monopole of Henri Gouges is produced in white, Pinot blanc (Pinot Gouges) ?

A

Clos des Porrets Saint Georges premier cru

159
Q

The famous Dijon clone originated from vine cutting taken in what vineyard ?

A

Domaine Ponsot’s Clos de la Roche Grand Cru parcel

160
Q

In Burgundy, to what do Pinot Fin and Pinot Droit refer to ?

A

Pinot noir clones categories that appear at the beginning of vine selection , 1960s

Pinot Droit (higher yields)
Pinot fin (low yields)

161
Q

What is Raymond Bernard known for ?

A

Creator of the first Dijon clones of Pinot Noir

162
Q

Approximately, how many degrees of alcohol a grape can develop with the intracellular fermentation ?

A

2 %

163
Q

Name 3 producers of the Côte d’or that use notable ratio of whole berry or whole cluster during their red wine vinification.

A

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti
Dujac
Christophe Pacalet
Domaine Leroy & D’Auvernay
Domaine de Montille
Simon Bize
Chandon de Briailles
Domaine de l’Arlot

ETC.

164
Q

What are the effects of whole-bunch pressing for white wines vifnication?

A
  • lesser tannic must
  • lower pH
  • less danger of oxydation (two opposing camps, may actually be the cause of Premox)
165
Q

What is Jean-Antoine Chaptal known for ?

A

Initiator of the concept of Chaptalization in 1801

166
Q

Name two vintages in Burgundy where acidification was common.

A

2003
2009
2019

ETC.

167
Q

Minimum % of grapes to be labeled as an IGP?
As an AOP ?

A

85% from stated IGP
100% from stated AOP

168
Q

Name 2 effects that the Gulf Stream has on Bordeaux’s climate ?

A

-Warming effect; extends the growing season
-Lowers spring frost danger

169
Q

What ocean current has an effect on Bordeaux’s climate?

A

Gulf Stream

170
Q

Average annual rainfall in Bordeaux ?

A

950mm

More than all other wine regions of France *

171
Q

What effect can high rainfall have on Bordeaux vineyards ?

A
  • Disturb flowering and fruit set
  • Bring rot and fungal diseases
  • Dilute grape flavors during harvests
172
Q

What two aspects protect the Médoc from Ocean influence ?

A

Landes Forest
Sand Dunes

173
Q

Preferred soil of the Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux Right bank ?

A

Limestone-based soils as well as warmer soils, rock and gravel

174
Q

Preferred soil of the merlot on the Bordeaux right bank ?

A

Clay soils (it ripens faster than the Cabernets and can grow in cooler soils)

175
Q

Bordeaux top red wines usually spend how long in oak before release ?

A

12-20 months, depends on the estates

176
Q

Most planted white grape of Bordeaux ?

A

Sémillon

177
Q

average sunlight hours in Bordeaux ?

A

1550h

178
Q

Most planted red grape of Bordeaux ?

A

Merlot

179
Q

Can you name one white and one red variety that is newly authorized for Bordeaux AOP blends in small quantities ? (Climate change experimentations)

A

Alvarinho
Lilorila

Touriga Nacional
Marselan
Castet
Arinarnoa

180
Q

Difference of ABV between a Bordeaux rouge and a Bordeaux rouge supérieur?

A

10.5% VS 11%

181
Q

Bordeaux blanc supérieur can be vinified dry ?

A

No, minimum 17g/L

182
Q

Minimum spent on lees for Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?

A

9 months

183
Q

Name from north to south the 6 communes of Haut-Médoc.

A

Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Listrac-Médoc
Moulis-en-Médoc
Margaux

184
Q

What composes Boulbènes ?
Name an AOP where we can find it.

A

Mix of sand-clay-gravel

Graves AOP
Pessac-Léognan AOP

185
Q

In what region - AOP would you fin producers defined as Garagistes ?
Can you name one ?

A

Bordeaux, Pomerol AOP

Le Pin

186
Q

What villages can add their names to Côtes de Bordeaux AOP ?

A

Cadillac
Blaye
Castillon
Francs

187
Q

What part, between the north and the south, in Saint-Émilion AOP, produces the highest quality wines ?

A

North-west plateaus and Escarpments
Better drained soils, gravel and limestone

188
Q

Bordeaux Crus Bourgeois Classification is renewed at what frequency ?
When was the last one?
Can you name a Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel ?

A

Every 5 years
2020

Châteaux Paveil de Luze Margaux
Château d’Arsac Margaux
Château Le Bosq Saint-Estèphe
Lillian Ladouys Saint-Estèphe
Le Crock Saint-Estèphe
Château Lestage Listrac-Médoc
Château d’Agassac Haut-Médoc
Château Arnauld Haut-Médoc
Château Belle-Vue Haut-Médoc
Château Cambon La Pelouse Haut-Médoc
Château Charmail Haut-Médoc
Château Malescasse Haut-Médoc
Château de Malleret Haut-Médoc
Château du Taillan

189
Q

What important river runs across Bergerac AOP ?

A

Dordogne

190
Q

Can you name an AOP that is included in Bergerac AOP’s territory ?

A

Montbazillac AOP
Rosette AOP
Pécharmant AOP
Saussignac AOP

191
Q

Style produced in Côtes de Montravel AOP

A

Sweet whites

192
Q

What is the sweetest between Haut Montravel AOP and Cote de Montravel AOP ?

A

Haut-Montravel AOP (Minimum 85g/l RS)

Côte de Montravel AOP (25-54G/L RS)

193
Q

% of Tannant for Madiran AOP ?
Blending partners ?

A

60-80% Tannat

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer

194
Q

% of Malbec for Cahors AOP ?

A

minimum 70%

195
Q

Authorized varieties for Jurançon VT ?

Which one is higher quality for passerillage style?

A

Petit Manseng
Gros Manseng

Petit Manseng *** Retains more acidity

196
Q

In what AOP can we find a variety called Ondenc ?

A

Gaillac AOP

197
Q

Style produced in Gaillac Premières Côtes AOP?

A

Dry whites only

198
Q

What AOP of the southwest produces red wines with principally Négrette ?

A

Fronton AOP

Minimum 50% Négrette

With Syrah, cot, Fer, Cabernets, Gamay Cinsault, Mérille

199
Q

In Burgundy, Grands Crus AOPs count for what % of Bourgogne region production ?

A

about 1%

200
Q

Aligoté parentage ?

A

Gouais blanc X Pinot

201
Q

Parentage of Malbec ?

A

Prunelard X Madeleine Noire des Charentes

202
Q

Parentage of Gamay ?

A

Pinot X Gouais blanc

203
Q

What is a Combe ?

A

Failles in Burgundy’s escarpment that result in small valleys running east-west along the region, this creates microclimates

204
Q

Name 2 monopoles in the côte de Beaune

A

Clos des Cortons - Corton AOP, Faiveley
Clos des Épeneaux - Pommard, Comte Armand
Clos de l’écu, Beaune AOP, Faiveley

205
Q

Name the 5 village AOPs of Côte Chalonnaise.

Which one is known for quality reds ?

A

Rully AOP
Bouzeron AOP
Mercurey AOP
Givry AOP
Montagny AOP

Mercurey AOP **

206
Q

Most planted red grape of Mâcon AOP ?

A

Gamay

207
Q

Mâcon AOP red wines must be 100% Gamay if labeled with what mention ?

A

With a geographical designation

208
Q

Name 3 villages that can add their names to Mâcon AOP ?

A

Azé, Bray, Burgy, Bussières, Chaintré, Chardonnay, Charnay-lès-Mâcon, Cruzille, Davayé, Igè, La Roche-Vineuse, Lugny, Mancey, Milly-Lamartine, Péronne, Pierreclos, Prissé, Saint-Gengoux-le-National, Vergisson, Verzé
Serrières
Fuissé, Loché, Montbellet, Solutré-Pouilly, Uchizy, Vinzelles

209
Q

Most Alsace Grands Crus AOPs are situated in the Bas-Rhin or the Haut-Rhin ?

A

Haut-Rhin

210
Q

What two Alsace Grand Crus AOPs allow blends ?

A

Altenberg de Bergeim AOP
Kaefferkopf AOP

211
Q

Two most planted grapes of Alsace ?

A

Riesling
Pinot Blanc

212
Q

What grapes are authorized for VT and SGN in Alsace AOP ?

A

Muscat
Gewürztraminer
Pinot Gris
Riesling

213
Q

Alsace sits on what latitude ?

A

48

214
Q

Average annual rainfall of Alsace ?

A

500-600mm

215
Q

Average sunlight during growing season for Alsace AOP ?

A

1350 h

216
Q

Between a gentil and a Eldelzwicker, which one is most likely to be higher quality ?

A

Gentil (unoffocially regulated blend, minimum 50% noble grapes)

217
Q

Is MLF often occuring in Alsace wines ?

A

no

218
Q

A Riesling simply labelled Alsace Riesling is most likely to be dry or off-dry?

A

DRY

Max 6g/L RS if not a VT, SGN or a lieux-dit

219
Q

What aspect is better for high quality vineyards in Alsace ?

A

Southeast-south aspects

220
Q

What is Grès des Vosges ?

A

Pink Sandstone

221
Q

Cémant d’alsace rosé blend ?

A

100% Pinot noir

222
Q

Ottrott, Rodern, Saint Hippolyte are most aassociated with what varietal ?

A

Pinot Noir

223
Q

Savagnin rosé is found in what Alsace AOP geographical designation ?

A

Klevener de Heiligenstein

224
Q

Who produces clos Jebsal ?

A

Zind-Humbrecht, Turckheim

225
Q

What chain of mountains protect Savennières AOP from ocean influence?

A

Mauges Hills

226
Q

Minimum ABV% of Muscadet Sèvre et maine AOP

A

10%

11% with geographical designation

227
Q

Mains soils of the northen rhône?

A

Schist and granite

228
Q

% of whites grapes allowed in Saint-Joseph AOP ?

A

10%

229
Q

REferring to northern rhône, what is Chassis ?

A

Name of lower part of Crozes-Hermitage AOP, more flat, less qualitative area

230
Q

Name 2 advantages for head-pruning on stakes in Germany ?

A

-Steep slope ; maximize the sunlight exposure and air circulation
- easier and safer movements around the vineyard for workers, allows for the use of pulleys
- proximity to stony soils that retain and reflect heat

231
Q
A

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