Viticulture Flashcards
Term for a vines branches when they are young and pliable.
Canes
Term for the portion of a vine that includes branches, leaves, and fruit.
Canopy
Term for the process where an unrooted cutting is inserted into the trunk of and existing vine.
Field grafting
Age at which a vine begins to decline in vigour.
20
Ideal degrees of latitude for commercial viticulture.
30 to 50°
Min. temp. required for bud break.
50°
Ideal weather conditions for flowering.
Warm and dry
Term used for the tradition from flower to berry.
Fruit set
Condition where many flowers do not develop into grapes.
Coulure “shatter” usually caused by bad weather
Abnormal fruitset resulting in many small, seedless berries in the grape bunches.
Millerandage
The ripping of grapes. Red grapes change color, white grapes become translucent or yellow, sugar increases, acid levels fall, seeds turn woody.
Veraison
Typical period between bud break and harvest
140 to 160 days = Bud break - flowering and fruit set (40-80) days, Veraison (45 days), Harvest (45 - 60days)
The process by which sunlight is used by the vine to produce sugar.
Photosynthesis
Process by which water evaporates through opening on the vines leaves.
Transpiration
The process by which sugars are broken down and used by the vine for energy.
Respiration
Process by which materials are moved from one area of the plant to another.
Translocation
French term for the combined natural factors of a vineyard.
Terrior
Average water needs of a vine per year.
20 -30 inches
Bacterial disease carried by the Glassy winged Sharpshooter.
Pierce’s Disease
Fungal disease also known as odium.
Powdery mildew
Fungal disease also known as Perenopera.
Downy mildew
Root eating louse that almost killed off vineyards in Europe and then the world.
Phylloxera
Type of vine training system that does not use a trellis system.
Head training or Bush training
Type of vine training where vines are trained up a tall support.
Pergola
Type of cane pruned vine training system using one cane from each vine trained in the same direction
Guyot
Type of spur trained vine system with branches from each vine trained on a wire.
Cordon
VSP
Vertical Shoot Positioning
Unit of value used to measure sugar ripeness in the US
Degrees Brix
Unit of value used to measure sugar ripeness in France.
Baumé
IPM
Integrated Pest Management
Zonda
The Zonda is a regional term used for this type of wind as it occurs over those parts of western Argentina tucked into the slopes of the Andes, including the wine regions of Mendoza, La Rioja, and San Juan in the spring and summer.
What soil characteristics do the greatest vineyard sites have in common?
They regulate the water supply and they are not very fertile.
Climate strongly influenced by an ocean, high rainfall, mild overall temps.
Maritime ex. NZ, Willamette Valley, Muscadet(Loire), Rias Baixas (Spain), Bordeaux
Climate far from an oceans influence, hotter summers colder winters, less rain.
Continental ex. Northern Rhone, Rioja, Piedmont, Columbia Valley, Mendoza (Argentina)
Climate with warm dry summers, mild wet winters, low humidity, influenced by air masses. Usually found on the western coasts of large continents.
Mediterranean ex. Provence, Languedoc, Tuscany, The Med basin, South Australia, some parts of southern California
