Viticulture

Question 1

t/f:grapevines produce fruit twice per year

Answer 1

false. 1x

Question 2

t/f: grapevines must spend several months in dormancy each year for optimum fruit quality

Answer 2

true

Question 3

First green growth of the year; the beginning of the vineyard year

Answer 3

budbreak

Question 4

Veraison

Answer 4

the beginning of fruit ripening

Question 5

t/f: there are over 10,000 different varities

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Phyloxxera feeds on the ____ of grapevines

Answer 6

roots

Question 7

t/f: grapes contain thousands of flavor and aroma compounds

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Name four common and important flavour compounds found in grapes

Answer 8

Esters
Terpenes
Pyrazines
Thiols

Question 9

This flavor compound gives floral (eg rose and orange blossom) and citrus aromas to wine

Answer 9

terpenes

Question 10

Muscat, Gewurztraminer, and Viognier are famous for have a high quanity of this flavor compound

Answer 10

Terpenes

Question 11

This flavor compound can give wine distinct green bell peppers notes, or a dried green herb flavor at lower concentrations

Answer 11

Pyrazines

Question 12

t/f: pyrazines can be ripened out of expression in warmer climates

Answer 12

true

Question 13

_____ gives grapefruit and passion fruit flavors to white wines and black currant and blackberry leaf flavors to red wines

Answer 13

thiols

Question 14

name a couple grapes with elevated thiols

Answer 14

sauv blanc, cabernet sauvignon

Question 15

This compound gives aromas and flavors of apple, white flowers, bananas, strawberry, raspberry

Answer 15

Esters

Question 16

The shoots of a grapevine grow each year and are similar to the branches of a tree. What do they become when they harden?

Answer 16

canes

Question 17

Sunlight is used by the plant to convert ____ _____ in the air into sugar and energy

Answer 17

carbon dioxide

Question 18

Explain the differences in expression between cool cliamte, moderate climate, and warm climate chardonnay

Answer 18

cool: low alc, elevated, acidity, lemon, steel & wet stone
moderate: moderate alc, moderate to high aciditiy, lemon curd
warm: high alc, moderate to low acidity, yellow apple, pineapple, banana

Question 19

Which has higher seasonal temperature swings: mediterranean or maritime climates?

Answer 19

maritime

Question 20

t/f: rain falls throughout the year in maritime climates

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Major threat for mediterranean climates

Answer 21

little rain over the summer can lead to droughts

Question 22

from a cool climate or a warm climate would you expect a wine with more astringent tannins?

Answer 22

cool climate

Question 23

regions closer to the equator tend to have _____ growing seasons

Answer 23

longer

Question 24

Why don’t you often see west facing vineyards in the northern hemisphere?

Answer 24

west aspect vineyards can overheat in the afternoon

Question 25

in the northern hemisphere, ___-aspect vineyards typically ripen earlier than other surrounding aspect vineyards as they receive all day sun

Answer 25

south

Question 26

east facing vineyards in the northern hemisphere get this benefit …

Answer 26

morning light

Question 27

What lies underneath the soil?

Answer 27

bedrock

Question 28

Why is it bad for a vine to have too much access to water?

Answer 28

A vine with too much access to water will focus on developing leaves and shoots rather than developing its fruit

Question 29

The average size of individual soil particles may be described as …

Answer 29

sand (largest), silt, clay

Question 30

sandy soils tend to be better _____, while clay soils are better at..

Answer 30

draining / storing water and nutrients

Question 31

t/f: loam soils are prized in viticulture

Answer 31

true

Question 32

loam soils contain a mixture of ..

Answer 32

sand, silt, clay

Question 33

loam soils have a good balance of…

Answer 33

drainage and water-holding capacity

Question 34

generally, rocks are classified into these 3 different types

Answer 34

igneous
sedimentary
metamorhpic

Question 35

Basalt and tuff are formed from…

Answer 35

cooled lava

Question 36

Why are grapevines propograted from from cuttings rather than seeds?

Answer 36

each grape seed will result in a new variety

Question 37

What does a vine’s “training system” refer to?

Answer 37

the shape of its permanent woood

Question 38

What is a cordon?

Answer 38

horizonal extention of the trunk

Question 39

What happens during pruning?

Answer 39

Most of the shoots that developed during the previous year are removed

Question 40

The two basic types of pruning

Answer 40

spur pruning and cane pruning

Question 41

Why are shoots often attached to a trellis system?

Answer 41

to encourage even ripening and improve air circulation

Question 42

What does yield refer to?

Answer 42

the amount of fruit harvested per acre

Question 43

How is yield measured in Europe?

Answer 43

by volume rather than weight

Question 44

What does “green harvest” refer to?

Answer 44

(just after varaison) clusters with delayed maturity are removed

Question 45

What does “fruit thinning” refer to?

Answer 45

(just after flowering) excess or unwanted clusters may be removed

Question 46

When does harvest occur?

Answer 46

september to november in the northern hemisphere
march to may in the southern hemisphere

Question 47

Describe Biodynamic farming

Answer 47

Organic farming with some esoteric practices

Question 48

Biodynamic farming is based on…

Answer 48

a series of lectures given in the early 1900s by Rudolf Steiner

Question 49

What is “regenerative” farming?

Answer 49

Focus on building healthy soil and microbiology

Question 50

grapes were first domesticated near …. over 7000 years ago

Answer 50

Mesopotamia