Vitamins/Trace metals Flashcards
What does a Vit A (retinoid acid) deficiency cause?
Squamous metaplasia and hyperkeratosis/keratomalacia
Eyes- Night blindness, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia
Vulnerability to infections, especially measles
How would a patient present who had Vit A toxicity?
HA, dizziness, vomiting, stupor, blurred vision (Sx/signs of increased intracranial pressure)
Teratogenic in pregnancy
What happens to people with a Vitamin E deficiency?
Spinocerebellar degeneration- neuro deficits
Hemolytic anemia
What results from a Vitamin D deficiency?
Ricketts in kids, Osteomalacia in adults
-Problems with chostochondral junction- osteoid does not calcify well and chondrocytes do not line up normally-> bow-legged kiddos, frontal bossing, rachitic rosary
Hypocalcemia
Why should you ask kidney stone patients about supplement use?
Vitamin D overdose causes hypercalcemia, and metastatic calcification in soft tissues (such as the kidney)
What vitamin is supplemented in hospital births? Why?
Vitamin K
Deficiency is common in preemies and babies
What does Vitamin K do? What is the most dreaded effect of deficiency?
Allows for clotting factor creation (II, VII, IX, X, C, S)
Dreaded complication-> brain hemorrhage (usually in babies whose parents refuse Vit K shot)
What does a Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency cause?
Dry/Wet beri-beri- Cardiovascular probs/ neuropathy
Wernicke’s encephalopathy- ataxia, confusion
Korsakoff’s syndrome- psychosis
What does a deficiency in Vitamin B3 (niacin) cause?
Pellagra: Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea-> death
What are the effects of folic acid deficiency in the young and old?
Babies- Born with neural tube defects/ cleft palate
Older- CLASSIC for megaloblastic anemia
What results from a Vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
Impaired collagen formation-> increased bleeding/hemorrhage, poor wound healing, petechiae, corkscrew hairs
What results from an iron deficiency?
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
What is Acrodermatitis eneropathica? Sx?
Autosomal recessive inability to take up zinc
Dermatitis around mouth, anus and extremities, hair thinning, diarrhea. Tx= zinc supplement
What two necessary trace elements compete for absorption?
Copper and Zinc. Excess of one can lead to deficiency of the other
What does a copper deficiency cause?
Muscle weakness, neurological deficits, abnormal collagen cross-linking
Mencke’s Kinky hair dz- hypotonia, seizures
