Vitamins, Minerals and Trace Elements/ Amino Acids Flashcards
Vita A is used for maturity of cells:
Measles
Cancer
Ifxn
Burn patients
Cofac for PTH function
Used for CSF prod
Antiox
I am ?
Vita A
Pseudotumor cerebri is caused by?
MCC : #1 obesity #2 Vita A tox
Vita B1 is necessary for what enzymes? (Be APT)
What is the name of the cofac?
- Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
- a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolysis to TCA cycle)
- Transketolase (HMP shunt)
TPP
What organ needs all 3 dehydrogenases? Transketolase?
Heart needs all 3. Brain uses transketolase.
B2 is used in cofactors for? What destroys B2 (Riboflavin)?
FAD and FMN
Sunlight destroys B2
MOA of Niacin? SE? How to prev SE?
blocks VLDL prod in liver
Tx hypertriglyceridemia
increases HDL
SE: flushing/itching due to PGDs
Prev SE: NSAIDs
Tx SE w/ antihistamines
Otra SE: block insulin recep = insulin resistance
Cause gout bc cometes with uric acid
B3 is necessary for cofactors?
- Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
- a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolysis to TCA cycle)
What AA is B3 derived from? What happens if there is defective transport of that AA?
Tryptophan.
Def of it causes Hartnup dz, the Trp leaks into the urine
Which Vita does not have a deficient state?
B4, Lipoic Acid
Coenzyme A needs what Vita as a cofactor?
B5, Pantothenic Acid
- Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
- a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase
require which Vita’s ?
B1, B3, B4, B5
All transaminases need which vita ?
B6
Which Vita is needed for nucleotide synthesis?
B9 to make THF, tetrahydrofolate
Which vita is req for hydroxylation?
What are the 2 AA’s hydroxylated in collagen and elastin?
Vit C
proline and lysine
What are the antioxidants ?
Vit E - blood
Vit C - GI
Vit A, B-Carotene, Trace Elements
Dz’s involved in oxidation? (4)
CA
Alheizmers
CAD
Hemolytic anemia - esp G6PD
X linked dominant
all dads give it to all daughters
X linked recessive
all moms give it to all sons -
Vita E def causes
peripheral neuropathies (ataxia, decrease position and vibration)
SE of heparin?
Bleeding
Hyperlipidemia - via HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) like glucagon
HIT
What drug to switch to if you have HIT ?
Lepirudin/ Argatroban (block thrombin)
OR fondaparinoux
C/I of heparin?
C/I: head injury, recent CPR, bleeding ulcer, IVC filter
Gut flora makes ?
90% Vita K B9 B7 B5 helps absorb B12
Smooth muscle uses extracellular Ca for
second messenger systems
cofactor for all kinases and PTH
Cotransport protein for K and Ca
Magnesium
Cardiac ventricle uses
Calcium-induced calcium release
Needed by hair, skin, sperm and taste buds
dysgeusia - impaired test
Zinc
lysine oxidase in the formation of collagen
Needed by Complex IV
Copper
autosomal recessive
enzyme deficiency dz
enhances insulin action
deficiency causes DM
Chromium
this trace element is needed by the heart
excess: breath smells like garlic
Def: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Selenium
Needed by enzymes in glycolysis
Xanthine Oxidase needs both elements
Enzyme needed to make uric acid
Molybdenum and Manganese
Needed for hair growth
Tin
Needed for teeth and bone growth
Excess: blocks enolase of glycolysis - LES
Fluoride
intracellular buffer in RBC is
Hemoglobin
DOC for chronic neuropathy
Amitriptyline
inhibitory neurotransmitter for the spinal cord
smallest amino acid
NO chiral carbon
Glycine
Trp deficiency can be created by what syndrome?
Carcinoid Syndrome
You can not make Niacin w/o?
Trp
What 4 hormones are disulfide bonds? (PIGI)
Prolactin
Insulin
Growth Hormone
Inhibin
What are the ketogenic AAs?
Lysine
Leucine
Which AAs are both glucogenic and ketogenic? (PITT)
PHE
ISO
THR
TRP
What AAs wouldn’t you give a DM 1 pt and WHY?
Lysine and Leucine bc they are ketogenic.
How does the body utilize energy during starvation? (5)
1 plasma glucose 2 liver glycogen 3 proteolysis for gluconeogenesis 4 lipolysis 5 ketogenesis
Hormones epinephrine and glucagon control
plasma glucose and liver glycogen
Glucagon controls
Lipolysis and ketogenesis
Cortisol and GH control
proteolysis
Glucagon controls what
gluconeogenesis
Autoimmune antibodies against melanocytes?
Vitiligo
If you have a tyrosinase deficiency?
Albinism
defect renal transport of amino acids
Cystinuria
Cysteine
Ornithine
Lysine
Arginine
