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Pass Program Summer 19 > Vitamins, Minerals and Trace Elements/ Amino Acids > Flashcards

Vitamins, Minerals and Trace Elements/ Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Vita A is used for maturity of cells:

A

Measles
Cancer
Ifxn
Burn patients

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2
Q

Cofac for PTH function
Used for CSF prod
Antiox

I am ?

A

Vita A

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3
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri is caused by?

A 
MCC : #1 obesity
#2 Vita A tox
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4
Q

Vita B1 is necessary for what enzymes? (Be APT)

What is the name of the cofac?

A
  • Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
  • a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolysis to TCA cycle)
  • Transketolase (HMP shunt)

TPP

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5
Q

What organ needs all 3 dehydrogenases? Transketolase?

A

Heart needs all 3. Brain uses transketolase.

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6
Q

B2 is used in cofactors for? What destroys B2 (Riboflavin)?

A

FAD and FMN

Sunlight destroys B2

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7
Q

MOA of Niacin? SE? How to prev SE?

A

blocks VLDL prod in liver
Tx hypertriglyceridemia
increases HDL

SE: flushing/itching due to PGDs
Prev SE: NSAIDs
Tx SE w/ antihistamines

Otra SE: block insulin recep = insulin resistance
Cause gout bc cometes with uric acid

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8
Q

B3 is necessary for cofactors?

A
  • Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
  • a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolysis to TCA cycle)
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9
Q

What AA is B3 derived from? What happens if there is defective transport of that AA?

A

Tryptophan.

Def of it causes Hartnup dz, the Trp leaks into the urine

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10
Q

Which Vita does not have a deficient state?

A

B4, Lipoic Acid

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11
Q

Coenzyme A needs what Vita as a cofactor?

A

B5, Pantothenic Acid

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12
Q
  • Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
  • a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase

require which Vita’s ?

A

B1, B3, B4, B5

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13
Q

All transaminases need which vita ?

A

B6

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14
Q

Which Vita is needed for nucleotide synthesis?

A

B9 to make THF, tetrahydrofolate

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15
Q

Which vita is req for hydroxylation?

What are the 2 AA’s hydroxylated in collagen and elastin?

A

Vit C

proline and lysine

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16
Q

What are the antioxidants ?

A

Vit E - blood
Vit C - GI
Vit A, B-Carotene, Trace Elements

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17
Q

Dz’s involved in oxidation? (4)

A

CA
Alheizmers
CAD
Hemolytic anemia - esp G6PD

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18
Q

X linked dominant

A

all dads give it to all daughters

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19
Q

X linked recessive

A

all moms give it to all sons -

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20
Q

Vita E def causes

A

peripheral neuropathies (ataxia, decrease position and vibration)

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21
Q

SE of heparin?

A

Bleeding
Hyperlipidemia - via HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) like glucagon
HIT

22
Q

What drug to switch to if you have HIT ?

A

Lepirudin/ Argatroban (block thrombin)

OR fondaparinoux

23
Q

C/I of heparin?

A

C/I: head injury, recent CPR, bleeding ulcer, IVC filter

24
Q

Gut flora makes ?

A 
90% Vita K 
B9
B7
B5
helps absorb B12
25
Q

Smooth muscle uses extracellular Ca for

A

second messenger systems

26
Q

cofactor for all kinases and PTH

Cotransport protein for K and Ca

A

Magnesium

27
Q

Cardiac ventricle uses

A

Calcium-induced calcium release

28
Q

Needed by hair, skin, sperm and taste buds

dysgeusia - impaired test

A

Zinc

29
Q

lysine oxidase in the formation of collagen

Needed by Complex IV

A

Copper

30
Q

autosomal recessive

A

enzyme deficiency dz

31
Q

enhances insulin action

deficiency causes DM

A

Chromium

32
Q

this trace element is needed by the heart
excess: breath smells like garlic
Def: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Selenium

33
Q

Needed by enzymes in glycolysis
Xanthine Oxidase needs both elements
Enzyme needed to make uric acid

A

Molybdenum and Manganese

34
Q

Needed for hair growth

A

Tin

35
Q

Needed for teeth and bone growth

Excess: blocks enolase of glycolysis - LES

A

Fluoride

36
Q

intracellular buffer in RBC is

A

Hemoglobin

37
Q

DOC for chronic neuropathy

A

Amitriptyline

38
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter for the spinal cord
smallest amino acid
NO chiral carbon

A

Glycine

39
Q

Trp deficiency can be created by what syndrome?

A

Carcinoid Syndrome

40
Q

You can not make Niacin w/o?

A

Trp

41
Q

What 4 hormones are disulfide bonds? (PIGI)

A

Prolactin
Insulin
Growth Hormone
Inhibin

42
Q

What are the ketogenic AAs?

A

Lysine

Leucine

43
Q

Which AAs are both glucogenic and ketogenic? (PITT)

A

PHE
ISO
THR
TRP

44
Q

What AAs wouldn’t you give a DM 1 pt and WHY?

A

Lysine and Leucine bc they are ketogenic.

45
Q

How does the body utilize energy during starvation? (5)

A 
1 plasma glucose
2 liver glycogen 
3 proteolysis for gluconeogenesis 
4 lipolysis 
5 ketogenesis
46
Q

Hormones epinephrine and glucagon control

A

plasma glucose and liver glycogen

47
Q

Glucagon controls

A

Lipolysis and ketogenesis

48
Q

Cortisol and GH control

A

proteolysis

49
Q

Glucagon controls what

A

gluconeogenesis

50
Q

Autoimmune antibodies against melanocytes?

A

Vitiligo

51
Q

If you have a tyrosinase deficiency?

A

Albinism

52
Q

defect renal transport of amino acids

A

Cystinuria

Cysteine
Ornithine
Lysine
Arginine

Pass Program Summer 19 (12 decks)

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