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Pass Program Summer 19 > Protein Structure and Function > Flashcards

Protein Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

order/sequence of the amino acids in a protein; involve peptide bonds

A

Primary protein structure

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2
Q

takes shape of alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, held by hydrogen bonds

A

Secondary protein structure

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3
Q

3-D- contains 1 polypeptide chain in backbone

A

Tertiary protein structure

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4
Q

multiple polypeptide chains called subunits

A

Quaternary protein structure

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5
Q

What are the 3 feat of a peptide bond ?

A

planar
restricted mobility
R group in trans config

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6
Q

Acidosis features? (4)

A

hyperkalemia
Kussmaul breathing
increase GABA
denature proteins

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7
Q

determines types of AAs in protein but not sequence

never tell how many Asp and Glu are in protein

A

acid hydrolysis

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8
Q

good only for prolines - turn yellow

all other AAs turns purple

A

Ninhydrin reaction

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9
Q

only accurate up to 100 AAs

uses phenyl isothiocyanate as reagent

A

Edman’s degradation

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10
Q

What does Mercaptoethanol do?

A

break disulfide bonds

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11
Q

CNBr cuts to the ____ of ____?

A

right of MET

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12
Q

Aminopeptidase cuts the ___ of___?

A

right of the amino-terminal amino acid

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13
Q

What restriction peptidase cuts to the right of GLY, ALA, and SER ?

A

Elastase

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14
Q

Chymotrypsin cuts to the ___ of ___?

A

right of PHE, TRP, TYR

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15
Q

What AAs are examples of alpha helix?

Hint: coiled or spiral conformation
My Locks/Curls = Good Hair (MLC GH)

A 
MET
LYS
CYS
GLU
HIS
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16
Q

What AAs are examples of Beta pleated sheet?

Hint: Flat
I enVy TiTs

A

ISO
TYR
TRP
VAL

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17
Q

Proteins are made by? Examples?

A

BM- Immunoglobins

Liver (90%) - albumin, fibrinogen, alpha 1 antitrypsin

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18
Q

Procalcitonin tests what?

A

Excess protein in the serum during infxn.

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19
Q

What shows a falsely high ESR?

A

anemia

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20
Q

What shows a falsely low ESR?

A

sickle cell anemia, polycythemia

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21
Q

When do you run a SED rate ?

A

FUO - fever of unknown origin

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22
Q

In an Autosomal Dominant what is the % if one parent has it?

If both parents have it?

A

50% if one

75% if both

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23
Q

have the gene but doesn’t have the dz

A

incomplete penetrance

24
Q

family members have the gene and the dz but all look different

A

variable expresssion

25
Q

Autosomal Dominant Dz involve ?

A

structural proteins

26
Q

Primary amyloidosis feat? (2)

Seen in which persons?

A

decrease compliance of BVs = less distensibility
BV more likely to rupture if BP increases

Young person with no h/o of HTN; intracerebral hemorrhage

27
Q

Secondary amyloidosis is due to

A

chronic inflammatory dz

28
Q

AA amyloid

A

A=acute phase reactants/inflammatory dz
developing countries - chronic infxn
developed countries - RA, SLE, IBD

29
Q

AB amyloid

A

Age/ Downs related Alzheimer dz

30
Q

AB-2 aka Beta 2 macroglobulin amyloid

A

Chronic renal failure

31
Q

AE and AF: MEN -II

A

Endocrine

Familial

32
Q

AL- Multiple Myeloma

A

ALight chains - MM

Kappa>Lambda

33
Q

Transthyretin

A

amyloid assoc w/ aging
senile plaque
MCC of hereditary familial amyloidosis
AD

34
Q

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of Alpha helixs?

A

Hb

intermediate filaments

35
Q

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of Beta pleated sheets?

A

fatty acid transporters or antibodies

36
Q

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of alpha and beta pleated sheets?

A

some enzymes

37
Q

Rate limiting enzymes (allosteric enzyme) have what type of structure?

A

Quaternary

38
Q

1st order elimination

A

constant fraction/ proportion

% eliminated per hr

39
Q

if the substrate concentration no longer affect vmax

A

zero order elimination

40
Q

zero order elimination

A

metabolizing a constant number rather than a fraction

41
Q

Why is it better to keep the drug at first order?

A

Drug can be broken down then

42
Q

Drugs that are acids and charged go to what organ?

A

kidney - for water soluble compounds

43
Q

Drugs that are fat soluble go to what organ?

A

liver

44
Q

2 alpha - 2 betas

A

HbA -adult

45
Q

2 alpha - 2 gamma

A

HbF - fetal

46
Q

2 alpha - 2 delta

A

HbA2 ..2%

47
Q

How to induce HbF in pt ?

A

Hydroxyurea wipes BM - HbF is expressed

48
Q

What shifts the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right ?

A 
increase CO2
ACID
2-3DPG
EXCERCISE
TEMP
49
Q

What are 3 adaptations of hypoxia?

A

Polycythemia - increase EPO
Increase mitochondrial density
increased angiogenin

50
Q

Dz’s that wipe out the bone marrow can cause what ?

A

Massive Splenomegaly - Spleen does work of BM

any myelofibrosis disorder

51
Q

5 pathways in the mitochondria and cytoplasm ?

HUG - Family Now

A 
HEME SYNTHESIS
UREA CYCLE 
GLUCONEOGENESIS
FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS
PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS
52
Q

MCC of oxidized iron

A

Sulfa drugs
Anti-malarial
Metronidazole
INH

53
Q

MCC of IDA in 20-40

A

IBD

54
Q

MCC of IDA in >40y/o

A

mucosal bleeding

55
Q

Tx for IDA

A

ferrous sulphate

56
Q

Labs for IDA
Serum Fe ?
Saturation?
Ferritin ?

A

Serum Fe - Low
Saturation - Low
Ferritin -Low
Transferritin - High

Pass Program Summer 19 (12 decks)

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