Protein Structure and Function

Question 1

order/sequence of the amino acids in a protein; involve peptide bonds

Answer 1

Primary protein structure

Question 2

takes shape of alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, held by hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Secondary protein structure

Question 3

3-D- contains 1 polypeptide chain in backbone

Answer 3

Tertiary protein structure

Question 4

multiple polypeptide chains called subunits

Answer 4

Quaternary protein structure

Question 5

What are the 3 feat of a peptide bond ?

Answer 5

planar
restricted mobility
R group in trans config

Question 6

Acidosis features? (4)

Answer 6

hyperkalemia
Kussmaul breathing
increase GABA
denature proteins

Question 7

determines types of AAs in protein but not sequence

never tell how many Asp and Glu are in protein

Answer 7

acid hydrolysis

Question 8

good only for prolines - turn yellow

all other AAs turns purple

Answer 8

Ninhydrin reaction

Question 9

only accurate up to 100 AAs

uses phenyl isothiocyanate as reagent

Answer 9

Edman’s degradation

Question 10

What does Mercaptoethanol do?

Answer 10

break disulfide bonds

Question 11

CNBr cuts to the ____ of ____?

Answer 11

right of MET

Question 12

Aminopeptidase cuts the ___ of___?

Answer 12

right of the amino-terminal amino acid

Question 13

What restriction peptidase cuts to the right of GLY, ALA, and SER ?

Answer 13

Elastase

Question 14

Chymotrypsin cuts to the ___ of ___?

Answer 14

right of PHE, TRP, TYR

Question 15

What AAs are examples of alpha helix?

Hint: coiled or spiral conformation
My Locks/Curls = Good Hair (MLC GH)

Answer 15

MET
LYS
CYS
GLU
HIS

Question 16

What AAs are examples of Beta pleated sheet?

Hint: Flat
I enVy TiTs

Answer 16

ISO
TYR
TRP
VAL

Question 17

Proteins are made by? Examples?

Answer 17

BM- Immunoglobins

Liver (90%) - albumin, fibrinogen, alpha 1 antitrypsin

Question 18

Procalcitonin tests what?

Answer 18

Excess protein in the serum during infxn.

Question 19

What shows a falsely high ESR?

Answer 19

anemia

Question 20

What shows a falsely low ESR?

Answer 20

sickle cell anemia, polycythemia

Question 21

When do you run a SED rate ?

Answer 21

FUO - fever of unknown origin

Question 22

In an Autosomal Dominant what is the % if one parent has it?

If both parents have it?

Answer 22

50% if one

75% if both

Question 23

have the gene but doesn’t have the dz

Answer 23

incomplete penetrance

Question 24

family members have the gene and the dz but all look different

Answer 24

variable expresssion

Question 25

Autosomal Dominant Dz involve ?

Answer 25

structural proteins

Question 26

Primary amyloidosis feat? (2)

Seen in which persons?

Answer 26

decrease compliance of BVs = less distensibility
BV more likely to rupture if BP increases

Young person with no h/o of HTN; intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 27

Secondary amyloidosis is due to

Answer 27

chronic inflammatory dz

Question 28

AA amyloid

Answer 28

A=acute phase reactants/inflammatory dz
developing countries - chronic infxn
developed countries - RA, SLE, IBD

Question 29

AB amyloid

Answer 29

Age/ Downs related Alzheimer dz

Question 30

AB-2 aka Beta 2 macroglobulin amyloid

Answer 30

Chronic renal failure

Question 31

AE and AF: MEN -II

Answer 31

Endocrine

Familial

Question 32

AL- Multiple Myeloma

Answer 32

ALight chains - MM

Kappa>Lambda

Question 33

Transthyretin

Answer 33

amyloid assoc w/ aging
senile plaque
MCC of hereditary familial amyloidosis
AD

Question 34

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of Alpha helixs?

Answer 34

Hb

intermediate filaments

Question 35

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of Beta pleated sheets?

Answer 35

fatty acid transporters or antibodies

Question 36

Example of Tertiary structures consisting mostly of alpha and beta pleated sheets?

Answer 36

some enzymes

Question 37

Rate limiting enzymes (allosteric enzyme) have what type of structure?

Answer 37

Quaternary

Question 38

1st order elimination

Answer 38

constant fraction/ proportion

% eliminated per hr

Question 39

if the substrate concentration no longer affect vmax

Answer 39

zero order elimination

Question 40

zero order elimination

Answer 40

metabolizing a constant number rather than a fraction

Question 41

Why is it better to keep the drug at first order?

Answer 41

Drug can be broken down then

Question 42

Drugs that are acids and charged go to what organ?

Answer 42

kidney - for water soluble compounds

Question 43

Drugs that are fat soluble go to what organ?

Answer 43

liver

Question 44

2 alpha - 2 betas

Answer 44

HbA -adult

Question 45

2 alpha - 2 gamma

Answer 45

HbF - fetal

Question 46

2 alpha - 2 delta

Answer 46

HbA2 ..2%

Question 47

How to induce HbF in pt ?

Answer 47

Hydroxyurea wipes BM - HbF is expressed

Question 48

What shifts the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right ?

Answer 48

increase CO2
ACID
2-3DPG
EXCERCISE
TEMP

Question 49

What are 3 adaptations of hypoxia?

Answer 49

Polycythemia - increase EPO
Increase mitochondrial density
increased angiogenin

Question 50

Dz’s that wipe out the bone marrow can cause what ?

Answer 50

Massive Splenomegaly - Spleen does work of BM

any myelofibrosis disorder

Question 51

5 pathways in the mitochondria and cytoplasm ?

HUG - Family Now

Answer 51

HEME SYNTHESIS
UREA CYCLE 
GLUCONEOGENESIS
FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS
PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS

Question 52

MCC of oxidized iron

Answer 52

Sulfa drugs
Anti-malarial
Metronidazole
INH

Question 53

MCC of IDA in 20-40

Answer 53

IBD

Question 54

MCC of IDA in >40y/o

Answer 54

mucosal bleeding

Question 55

Tx for IDA

Answer 55

ferrous sulphate

Question 56

Labs for IDA
Serum Fe ?
Saturation?
Ferritin ?

Answer 56

Serum Fe - Low
Saturation - Low
Ferritin -Low
Transferritin - High