Metabolic Pathways Flashcards
Where do you synthesize? (Anabolic)
Cytoplasm
Where do you break something down? (Catabolism)
Mitochondria
What is the substrate that starts and the product for Heme synthesis?
Succinyl -CoA is the substrate that starts (allosteric activator)
Ferrochelatase is the product which adds iron in the heme ring.
What amino acid and vitamin do you need for heme synthesis?
Glycine and Vit B6
If you are missing the mannose 6 phosphate label then no enzymes will end up in the lysosomes .. what DZ am I ?
I cell
Which complexes use heme ?
3 and 4
Statins destroy what?
Coenzyme Q10 aka ubiquinone
Copper is apart of which complex ?
complex IV aka cytochrome oxidase complex
Which complex phosphorlyates ?
Complex V
what blocks complex II ?
malonate
How do uncouplers cause Malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
allows ETC to continue but ATP synthesis stops and leaves muscle contracted
Which nucleotides have the tightest bond? loosest?
AT have the loosest bonds (double) and the most rapidly dividing cells
GC has the tightest (three) bonds and is found in the brain.
To isolate DNA use?
thymidine - southern blot
to isolate RNA use?
uracil - northern blot
What is the substrate that starts and the product for Purine synthesis?
Start with Ribose 5 phosphate from the Pentose Pathway
PRPP is high when?
de novo, higher Km
PRPP is low when?
Salvage, lower Km
When is de novo preferred?
periods of rapid growth
CA
0-2, 4-7, puberty, pregnancy
rRNA are synthesized where?
nucleolus
they are most abundant
mRNA
synthesized during transcription
DNA –> mRNA
3’ - poly A tail
5’ - Guanosine cap
SNRPS - small nuclear ribonuclear proteins
smallest
responsible for splicing of mRNA during posttranscriptional modification
tRNA is used in?
translation
the anticodon is responsible for finding AA
3’ contains CCA and cost 2 GTPs
RNA polymerase 1 synthesizes
rRNA
RNA polymerase 2 synthesizes
mRNA
RNA polymerase 3 synthesizes
tRNA and snRNP
enhancer, repressor
jump around from 1 chrom to another
if repressor mutated/ enhancer mutated
CA
When does cyanosis occur?
5g of Hg are fully desaturated of O2
Reasons for low reticulocyte count? (6)
renal failure
aplastic anemia
mets CA
fanconi syndrome- pure RBC aplasia - 2nd possible thymoma
diamond blackfan syndrome - RBC aplasia w/ finger abnormalities
tx for vWF
ADH analog - DDAVP
Mod bleed - cryoprecipitate (F8,vWF, fibrinogen)
severe bleed - FFP - F8 conc
Glanzmann thrombasthenia is due to ? Tx?
autoantibodies to gp2b/3a
Tx: Gp2b/3a (TEA)
Tirofiban
Eptifabtide
Abciximab
What can you give for intermittent claudication?
PDE III inhibitors: coronary vasodilator
Cilastazole
Dipyridamole
4 drugs for massive hemorrhage
Tranexamic acid
F7 activator
prothrombin complex
fibrinogen complex
Catabolic Hormones
epinephrine
glucagon
cortisol
growth hormone
What is the allosteric activator in glycolysis ?
F2,6DP which activates PFK1
What is the allosteric inhibitor in glycolysis ?
citrate
What happens when exercising in glycolysis?
PFK1 becomes too slow
