Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

Sulfonylureas 1st Gen

Answer 1

chlorpropamide and tolbutamide

Question 2

Sulfonylureas 2nd Gen

Answer 2

glimepiride
glipizide
glyburide

Question 3

Sulfonylureas MOA

Answer 3

block K voltage channels in the pancreatic Beta-cell membrane which makes the cell depolarizes and release insulin via increase of Ca influx

2nd gen enhances peripheral glucose uptake

Question 4

Sulfonylureas ADR 1st and 2nd gen

Answer 4

In general hypoglycemia and wt gain

1st - disulfiram reaction
2nd - hypoglycemia

Question 5

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and MOA

Answer 5

Sitaglipitin
Vildaglipitin

MOA: inhibits degradation of endogenous GLP1

They are weight neutral and have low risk of hypoglycemia.

They increased glucose-dependent insulin release.

Question 6

Amylin analog and MOA

Answer 6

prAMLINtide

MOA: decrease glucagon release and gastric emptying but increases satiety

Question 7

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 analog (incretin mimetics) and MOA

Answer 7

Exenatide, liraglutide

MOA:

• inhibit glucagon release,
• inhibit GI secretion and motility ( decrease gastric emptying)
• increases glucose-dependent insulin release (glucose-induced insulin release)

LEADS TO WEIGHT LOSS

Question 8

Glitazones

Answer 8

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

MOA - activate PPAR-y (nuclear receptor)
increase insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin

ADR: weight gain and HF

Question 9

Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)

Answer 9

Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin

MOA:
block reabsorption of glucose in proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and MOA

Answer 10

Acarbose
miglitol

block a1 glucosidase on GI brush border
inhibits glucose absorption postprandial