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U6 MCP > Vitamins - IN > Flashcards

Vitamins - IN Flashcards

1. Make Money 2. No Vacations

1
Q

What are the Lipid Soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

What are the Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B, C

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3
Q

In what ways can symptoms of deficiency arise

A

poor nutrition, increased demand, absorption problems, interactions with medications

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4
Q

what is DRI

A

dietary reference intakes, tables that give global view of requirements and toxic levels

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5
Q

What is RDA

A

recommended daily allowance, one component of DRI, defined as amount sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a given group, varies by population

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6
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A

A

visual cycle (rhodopsin and cone opsins), synthesis of glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides, retinoic acid, hormone actions, antioxidant

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness (early), xerophthalmia (advanced), follicular hyperkeratosis, anemia despite normal iron intake, poor growth in children, susceptibility to cancer and infections

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8
Q

What is follicular hyperkeratosis

A

looks like goosebumps but dont retract when rubbed

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9
Q

what groups are susceptible to Vitamin A deficiency

A

Poor, malnourished, premature babies

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10
Q

what are symptoms of vitamin A toxicity

A

Vit A accumulates in the liver, excess intake usually from enormous supplement doses, causes nausea, diarrhea, bone pain, scaly skin, orange tint to skin

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11
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin D

A

maintaining bone, calcium homeostasis, hormone actions

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets in children, osTIDomalacia in adults (bones not as dense but dont get pocketed bone loss a la osteoporosis), increased susceptibility to breast/other cancers, metabolic syndrome, diabeetus, infections

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13
Q

what populations are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency

A

poor, elderly, alcoholics

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14
Q

what are the functions of Vitamin E

A

antioxidant - scavenges free radicals and nerms them up, protects every membrane in every cell in the body from damage, prevents oxidation of LDL-C

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15
Q

what are symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency

A

cardiovascular disease, neurological symptoms

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16
Q

what populations are susceptible to Vitamin E deficiency

A

long term absorptive defect patients (celiacs), genetic defects - rare as fuck

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17
Q

what are the functions of vitamin K

A

localization of enzymes used for blood clotting, helps catalyze addition of g-carboxyglutamate to clotting enzymes

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18
Q

what are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency

A

bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage

19
Q

what populations are susceptible to Vitamin K deficiency

A

anyone who doesnt absorb well - newborns, long term antibiotics patients, elderly, roux-en-y patients

20
Q

where is vitamin K found

A

Kale, Klebsiella

21
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C

A

whining at graduation, cofactor for oxidases in collagen formation, required for synthesis of steroids in stress response, iron absorption, antioxidant

22
Q

what are the symptoms of Vit C deficiency

A

mild - bruising, immunocompromise; severe - scurvy (decreased wound healing, osteoporosis, hemorrhage, anemia, fatigue), corkscrew hairs and pinpoint hemorrhages

23
Q

what populations are susceptible to vitamin C deficiency

A

poor diet, smokers, long term aspirin users, oral contraceptive users, corticosteroid patients

24
Q

what are the sub categories that make up B vitamins

A

energy releasing and hematopoietic

25
Q

why is one sub category of B vitamins called hematopoietic

A

because deficiency leads to anemia

26
Q

What is B1

A

Thiamine

27
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B1

A

required cofactor for several enzymes in cellular energy metabolism - precursor of TPP

28
Q

what are the symptoms of B1 deficiency

A

mild - GI, depression, fatigue
moderate - Wernicke-Korsakoff
severe - Beriberi

29
Q

What is B2

A

riboflavin

30
Q

what are functions of B2

A

precursor of FAD, FMN, key coenzymes for redox reactions in energy metabolism

31
Q

what are symptoms of B2 deficiency

A

rare - ariboflavinosis - rash around nose, inflammation of mouth and tongue, burning and itchy eyes, light sensitivity

32
Q

what is B3

A

Niacin

33
Q

what is the function of B3

A

precursor of NAD, NADP, given to patients with hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceremia

34
Q

what are symptoms of B3 deficiency

A

pellagra (4Ds) worsened by exposure to sun

35
Q

who is susceptible to B3 deficiencies

A

people with corn or millet based diets

36
Q

What is B5

A

pantothenic acid

37
Q

what is B4?

A

TRICKED YA THERE IS NO B4

38
Q

what are functions of B5

A

required for synthesis of CoA

39
Q

what is B6

A

pyridoxine

40
Q

what is the function of B6

A

precursor for pyridoxyl phosphate (PLP) an enzyme cofactor required for glycogen breakdown and GABA synthesis

41
Q

what are the symptoms of B6 deficiency

A

more frequent than other Bs
mild - irritability, nervousness, depression
severe - peripheral neuropathy, convulsions, decreased glucose tolerance, hyperhomocysteinemia and anemia

42
Q

what is B7

A

Biotin

43
Q

What is B7’s function?

A

coenzyme for several carboxylases

U6 MCP (26 decks)

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