Vitamins - IN Flashcards
1. Make Money 2. No Vacations
What are the Lipid Soluble Vitamins
ADEK
What are the Water Soluble Vitamins
B, C
In what ways can symptoms of deficiency arise
poor nutrition, increased demand, absorption problems, interactions with medications
what is DRI
dietary reference intakes, tables that give global view of requirements and toxic levels
What is RDA
recommended daily allowance, one component of DRI, defined as amount sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a given group, varies by population
What are the functions of vitamin A
visual cycle (rhodopsin and cone opsins), synthesis of glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides, retinoic acid, hormone actions, antioxidant
What are the symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness (early), xerophthalmia (advanced), follicular hyperkeratosis, anemia despite normal iron intake, poor growth in children, susceptibility to cancer and infections
What is follicular hyperkeratosis
looks like goosebumps but dont retract when rubbed
what groups are susceptible to Vitamin A deficiency
Poor, malnourished, premature babies
what are symptoms of vitamin A toxicity
Vit A accumulates in the liver, excess intake usually from enormous supplement doses, causes nausea, diarrhea, bone pain, scaly skin, orange tint to skin
What are the functions of Vitamin D
maintaining bone, calcium homeostasis, hormone actions
What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency
rickets in children, osTIDomalacia in adults (bones not as dense but dont get pocketed bone loss a la osteoporosis), increased susceptibility to breast/other cancers, metabolic syndrome, diabeetus, infections
what populations are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency
poor, elderly, alcoholics
what are the functions of Vitamin E
antioxidant - scavenges free radicals and nerms them up, protects every membrane in every cell in the body from damage, prevents oxidation of LDL-C
what are symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency
cardiovascular disease, neurological symptoms
what populations are susceptible to Vitamin E deficiency
long term absorptive defect patients (celiacs), genetic defects - rare as fuck
what are the functions of vitamin K
localization of enzymes used for blood clotting, helps catalyze addition of g-carboxyglutamate to clotting enzymes
what are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency
bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage
what populations are susceptible to Vitamin K deficiency
anyone who doesnt absorb well - newborns, long term antibiotics patients, elderly, roux-en-y patients
where is vitamin K found
Kale, Klebsiella
What are the functions of vitamin C
whining at graduation, cofactor for oxidases in collagen formation, required for synthesis of steroids in stress response, iron absorption, antioxidant
what are the symptoms of Vit C deficiency
mild - bruising, immunocompromise; severe - scurvy (decreased wound healing, osteoporosis, hemorrhage, anemia, fatigue), corkscrew hairs and pinpoint hemorrhages
what populations are susceptible to vitamin C deficiency
poor diet, smokers, long term aspirin users, oral contraceptive users, corticosteroid patients
what are the sub categories that make up B vitamins
energy releasing and hematopoietic
why is one sub category of B vitamins called hematopoietic
because deficiency leads to anemia
What is B1
Thiamine
What is the function of Vitamin B1
required cofactor for several enzymes in cellular energy metabolism - precursor of TPP
what are the symptoms of B1 deficiency
mild - GI, depression, fatigue
moderate - Wernicke-Korsakoff
severe - Beriberi
What is B2
riboflavin
what are functions of B2
precursor of FAD, FMN, key coenzymes for redox reactions in energy metabolism
what are symptoms of B2 deficiency
rare - ariboflavinosis - rash around nose, inflammation of mouth and tongue, burning and itchy eyes, light sensitivity
what is B3
Niacin
what is the function of B3
precursor of NAD, NADP, given to patients with hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceremia
what are symptoms of B3 deficiency
pellagra (4Ds) worsened by exposure to sun
who is susceptible to B3 deficiencies
people with corn or millet based diets
What is B5
pantothenic acid
what is B4?
TRICKED YA THERE IS NO B4
what are functions of B5
required for synthesis of CoA
what is B6
pyridoxine
what is the function of B6
precursor for pyridoxyl phosphate (PLP) an enzyme cofactor required for glycogen breakdown and GABA synthesis
what are the symptoms of B6 deficiency
more frequent than other Bs
mild - irritability, nervousness, depression
severe - peripheral neuropathy, convulsions, decreased glucose tolerance, hyperhomocysteinemia and anemia
what is B7
Biotin
What is B7’s function?
coenzyme for several carboxylases
