Intro to Nutrition - RR Flashcards
What is the formula for the resting energy expenditure in an adult male?
900+10w where w=weight in kg
What is the formula for the resting energy expenditure in an adult female?
700+7w where w=weight in kg
What is the formula for body mass index?
BMI= kg/m^2 BMI= weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters
What range of BMI is considered Grade 1 overweight? (overweight)
25-29.9
What range of BMI is considered Grade 2 overweight? (obese)
30-39.9
What range of BMI is considered Grade 3 overweight? (morbidly obese)
Greater than 40
What percentage of adipose tissue is fat? What percentage is water? How is this important for weight loss calculations?
85% is fat, 15% is water
So 1kg of adipose is equal to 850g of fat
850g x 9kcal/g= 7650 kcal/kg for 1 kg of adipose
The Atkins diet is a low carb, high protein diet. Dr. Atkins claimed weight loss was successful because induced a mild ketosis. What was the rationale for this?
Because there are no carbs, glycogen stores are broken down and then start to breakdown fats as a source of energy. Beta oxidation produces a lot of NADH/FADH2 and ATP which inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and stimulate ketogenesis
What are the 3 macronutrients?
Fats, carbs, protein
What is the difference between low glycemic index carbs and high glycemic index carbs?
Low glycemic index carbs: induce a lower level of insulin release after eating
The higher glycemic index= the greater insulin release= higher risk of DM2
Carbs with a lower glycemic index take longer to digest with the rise in blood glucose spread over time (include whole grains)
How is fructose different from other carbohydrates? What is the effect of too much fructose?
Fructose gets broken down in the liver- converted to the F6P- if there’s too much fructose than the liver gets overwhelmed and fatty liver develops
How are trans-fats made? How are they related to coronary artery disease?
Hydrogenating polyunsaturated fats
Increased risk of coronary artery disease
