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U6 MCP > Glycolysis and Glycogen - IN > Flashcards

Glycolysis and Glycogen - IN Flashcards

this lecture blows.

1
Q

what do you think of this lecture?

A

exactly! it blows.

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2
Q

general overview of steps 1-5 of glycolysis

A

glucose -> G6P -> F6P -> FBP -> DHAP -> GAP
phosphorylation, isomerization, phosphorylation, cleavage, isomerization
the phosphorylation steps req ATP

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3
Q

general overview of steps 6-10 of glycolysis

A

GAP -> 1,3 BPG -> 3PG -> 2PG -> PEP -> pyruvate
high energy compound generation, substrate level phosphorylation, rearrangement, high energy compound generation, substrate level phosphorylation
ATP is generated in both substrate level phosphorylation steps
NADH is made in first step

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4
Q

which substrate is a common branch point for numerous pathways?

A

G6P - synthesized to glycogen, pentose phosphate shunted to R5P, glycolyzed to pyruvate, synthesized into glucose

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5
Q

what enzyme completes step 1 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

hexokinase

phosphorylation, glucose + ATP –> G6P + ADP

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6
Q

what enzyme completes step 2 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

PGI - phosphoglucose isomerase

isomerization, G6P -> F6P

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7
Q

what enzyme completes step 3 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Phosphofructokinase (regulation key)

phosphorylation, F6P + ATP –> FBP + ADP

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8
Q

what enzyme completes step 4 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Aldolase
cleavage (lol)
FBP -> DHAP + GAP

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9
Q

what enzyme completes step 5 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Triose Phosphate Isomerase
isomerization
DHAP -> GAP

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10
Q

what enzyme completes step 6 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

GAPDH
oxidation, phosphorylation
GAP + NAD -> 1,3 BPG + NADH

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11
Q

what enzyme completes step 7 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

PGK
substrate level phosphorylation
1,3 BPG + ADP -> 3PG + ATP

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12
Q

what enzyme completes step 8 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Phosphoglycerate Mutase
Rearrangement
3PG -> 2PG

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13
Q

what enzyme completes step 9 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Enolase
HE compound generation
2PG -> PEP

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14
Q

what enzyme completes step 10 of glycolysis, what type of reaction is it, and what happens in it?

A

Pyruvate Kinase
substrate level phosphorylation
PEP + ADP -> Pyruvate + ATP

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15
Q

glycolysis final notes

A

there is a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH as glucose –> 2 pyruvates

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16
Q

what is the fate of glycolytic NADH under aerobic conditions

A

glycolytic NADH is indirectly oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle

17
Q

what is the fate of glycolytic NADH under anaerobic conditions

A

pyruvate is reduced by glycolytic NADH to give lactate WHICH MAKES YOUR MUSCLES FUCKING TIRED, DUHHHHH

18
Q

How does fructose enter the glycolytic pathway - note: fructose input is dependent on hexokinase or glucokinase presence

A

fructose is converted to glycolytic intermediate GAPx2 in liver
OR
fructose in muscle is converted to F6P to enter glycolysis

19
Q

how does mannose enter glycolytic pathway?

A

same as fructose in muscles, mannose is converted to F6P

20
Q

how does galactose enter glycolytic pathway

A

converted to G6P

21
Q

what is cataracts

A

deficiency of galactokinase, so galactose cant enter glycolytic pathway, so galacticol forms -> cataracts

22
Q

what does a UMP transferase deficiency cause

A

mental retardation, liver failure

must remove lactose from diet if pt has this

23
Q

general overview of glycogen metabolism

A

G6P G1P –> UDP-Glucose –> Glycogen –> G1P

once this cycle occurs, glucose is primed to condense with growing glycogen polymer up to 120,000 GLU units

24
Q

what is the priming step in glycogen synthesis and what enzyme does it use

A

G6P -> G1P

phosphoglucomutase

25
Q

what is step 1 in glycogen synthesis and what enzyme does it use

A

G1P + UTP –> UDP-Glucose

UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase

26
Q

what is step 2 in glycogen synthesis and what enzyme does it use

A

UDP-glucose -> condensation with glycogen polymer
glycogen synthase
note - C4 of gly chain & C1 of UDP-Glu condense to give A1,4 glycosidic bond

27
Q

what is step 3 in glycogen synthesis and what enzyme does it use

A

branching of glycogen polymer
branching enzyme
note - BE makes a A1,6 bond at least 4 residues from other branches

28
Q

what is step 1 in glycogen breakdown and what enzyme does it use

A

breaking down the polymer
glycogen polymer -> G1P
enz - glycogen phosphorylase

29
Q

what is step 2 in glycogen breakdown and what enzyme does it use

A

debranches polymer

enz - phosphorylase

30
Q

what is step 3 in glycogen breakdown and what enzyme does it use

A

G1P -> G1,6P -> G6P

enz - phosphoglucomutase

31
Q

what are the costs of all this metabolism

A
  1. 1 ATP per G6P molecule broken down from glycogen in muscle
  2. 0 ATP per Glu molecule in liver
32
Q

What is Von Gierke Disease

A

type 1 glycogen storage disease
defective enzyme G6Phosphatase
glycogen is increased in liver/kidney, gives hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, ketosis, hyperlipidemia, failure to thrive

33
Q

What is Anderson Disease

A

type 4 glycogen storage disease
defective enzyme branching enzyme A1,4 -> A1,6
glycogen is normal but very long outer branches -> progressive cirrhosis and liver failure/death before age 2

34
Q

What is McArdle Disease

A

type 5 glycogen storage disease
def enz - phosphorylase
organ - muscle
glycogen is moderately increased, limited ability to exercise bc of painful muscle cramps

U6 MCP (26 decks)

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