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HB 130: Nutrition > Vitamins-Fat Soluble > Flashcards

Vitamins-Fat Soluble Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vitamin

A

An essential, non-caloric, organic nutrients needed in tiny amounts in the diet.

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2
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

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3
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

B and C

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4
Q

What does it mean for a vitamin to be fat soluble

A
  • It dissolves in lipids (fat)
  • Requires bile for absorption
  • Are stored in tissues
  • Potentially toxic
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5
Q

Primary Function of Vitamin A

A

Vision (hormonal, and functional), Hormone-like

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6
Q

Main sources of Vitamin A

A

Animal (eg liver)

Plant (carotenoids)

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7
Q

What’s the major vitamin A deficiency result

A

Night Blindness

Xeropthalmia (eyes drying out)

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8
Q

Is too much vitamin A toxic?

A

YES! Fetus malformations, Hair loss, Joint pain, etc.

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9
Q

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with vitamin A?

A

Nope!

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10
Q

Vitamin A Interesting metabolism

A

Beta-carotene conversion, and beta-carotene is not toxic!

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11
Q

Who’s primarily affected by vitamin A problems?

A

Children in developing countries

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12
Q

Where is vitamin A stored?

A

Liver

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13
Q

What is a naturally occurring precursor of Vitamin A?

A

Beta-Carotene!

Advantageous because it’s not stored in the liver, so it’s not toxic if consumed in excess. Also has an inefficient conversion to active vitamin A.

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14
Q

Primary functions of Vitamin D

A

Calcium regulation; Hormone like functions

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15
Q

Main sources of vitamin D

A

Sunlight to activate cholesterol!

Fish, fortified foods, FEW foods.

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16
Q

What’re the main symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

A

Ricketts, Osteomalacia

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17
Q

Is vitamin D toxic?

A

Rarely

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18
Q

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with Vitamin D

A

NONE

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19
Q

What’s the interesting metabolism with Vitamin D?

A

Sunlight-cholesterol-liver-kidney mechanism

20
Q

What’s the current public health controversy with vitamin D

A

Allow some sun, but not too much for skin cancer, but then if we’re taking supplements how much of that?

21
Q

Where are the 3 main places vitamin D has it’s effect?

A
  • Intestine (regulate calcium absorption)
  • Bone (regulate amount breaking down and building up)
  • Kidney (ability to be more or less efficient in reabsorbing calcium)
22
Q

What’s the primary function of Vitamin E?

A

Antioxidant

23
Q

What’s the main source of Vitamin E?

A

Plant oils/fats

24
Q

Are people ever vitamin E deficient?

A

No.

25
Q

Are people ever plagued with vitamin E toxicity?

A

No.

26
Q

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with Vitamin E?

A

Nope!

27
Q

Are there any interesting metabolism tricks with vitamin E?

A

No

28
Q

Which population subgroups are affected by Vitamin D?

A

Children in developing countries, soda drinkers, elderly with low sun exposure, populations above or below certain latitudes, dark skin.

29
Q

Why has Vitamin E been a huge disappointment?

A

Despite high enthusiasm for protection from heart disease and cancer, clinical trials WITH dietary supplements at high doses have demonstrated few/negligible benefits, and some adverse effects.

30
Q

Among what age group does the classic Vitamin E deficiency symptom occur?

A

Premature Babies

31
Q

What’s the primary function of Vitamin K?

A

Blood clotting, bone protein

32
Q

What’s the main source of Vitamin K?

A

Dark green leafy vegetables, intestinal bacteria

33
Q

Is deficiency of Vitamin K common?

A

Nope! Pretty rare.

34
Q

Is Vitamin K toxicity common?

A

Nope! Pretty rare.

35
Q

Are there any notable digestion or absorption issues with vitamin K?

A

Nope.

36
Q

What’s the interesting Vitamin K metabolism mechanism?

A

Can interfere with warfarin therapy (warfarin is a blood thinning drug)

37
Q

What population subgroups are impacted by Vitamin K?

A

Infants; Adults taking warfarin.

38
Q

Why are newborn infants injected with vitamin K?

A

Because they don’t yet have extensive gut micro flora, and they still need to have their blood clot.

39
Q

Who might take too much vitamin K?

A

Individuals on the medication warfarin that are also ingesting a lot of vitamin K, people with heart problems.

40
Q

Vitamin A toxicities

A

Birth defects with 13-cis retinoic acid; over-stimulated cell division!

41
Q

Do all fat-soluble vitamins decrease with low fat?

A

YES.

42
Q

What did cohort studies find out about vitamin E supplementation

A

Higher quintiles of consumption were associated with lower coronary disease

43
Q

Interventional cell study with vitamin E

A

Establish biological mechanism (as an antioxidant)

44
Q

Did the randomized control trial find that vitamin E works?

A

No

45
Q

What is the relationship between the function of Vitamin E, fats, and food sources?

A

Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, particularly for your unsaturated fats, many PUFAs in plants, also come with vitamin E already.

Widespread availability in foods.

HB 130: Nutrition (11 decks)

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