Trace Minerals Flashcards
What are the 6 trace minerals
Iodine, Iron, Selenium, Zinc, Fluoride, Chromium
How do we study trace minerals?
in animals or cells
Iodine RDA
150 mcg/day
Iodine primary role
Thyroid hormone, regulates basal metabolic rate
Iodine is part of the protein:
THYROGLOBULIN, an intermediate in thyroid hormone synthesis
Iodine Deficiency
Thyroid gland fills with thyroglobulin and traps it there.
Goiter: Reversible, enlarges gland in neck.
Cretinisum: Permanent birth defect in children of mothers who are iodine deficient.
Iodine interesting metabolism
Thyroglobulin production increases when iodine is limited
Iodine subgroup
Populations consuming foods primarily grown in iodine depleted soils
Iodine sources
Foods grown in soils with iodine, iodized salt.
Iron RDA
M: 8mg/day, W: 8-18mg/day
Iron primary functions
oxygen transport
iron main sources
heme vs. non heme; iron cookware?
iron deficiency//toxicity
anemia//toxic in large amounts; hematochromatosis; deposits iron in liver and other tissues
iron notable digestion/absorption issues
iron absorption efficiency is affected by a lot of things (inhibit and enhancement)
Subgroups iron
most common nutrient deficiency in the world, premenopausal women
Selenium RDA
55 mcg/day for adults
Selenium toxicity
hair loss and diarrhea
Selenium function
antioxidant
Selenium main source
foods grown or raised in soils rich in selenium
Selenium interesting metabolism
Combines with glutathione peroxidase (protein) and has important antioxidant capability regarding 2GSH and GS-SG
Selenium subgroups
Despite potential benefit for inexpensive and effective prostate cancer protection/treatment, the SELECT trial (large RCT) demonstrated lack of effect.
Zinc RDA
8-11 mg/day for adults
Zinc functions
many including night vision with vitamin A
zinc sources
animals foods, important for vegetarians to have whole grains and varied diets
Major deficiency//toxicity with zinc
Night blindness//nothing specific, but excess can be toxic
Notable digestion/absorption issues with Zinc
competes with other divalent cations for absorption like iron and copper
interesting zinc metabolism
excess amounts eliminated in digestive tract
zinc subgroups
vegetarians
is fluoride essential to life
no
whats the main source of fluoride
primarily fluoridated drinking water
fluoride excess
fluorosis; occurs during tooth development, don’t swallow toothpaste
