Study Design Flashcards
What are the optimal study conditions
Individual Nutrition Data and Health Outcomes Data, Interventional & Disease Outcomes (prevention)
What is the GOLD STANDARD?
If we feed a X vs. a Placebo to a group of ABCs at a dose of D for a duration of T there will be more/less of IT.
Observational studies prove
Association
Interventional studies prove
Cause & Effect
Ecological Study: Diet data sources?
Diet data sources include food imports, food exports, agricultural data.
These studies try to determine the AVAILABILITY of food for an AVERAGE PERSON.
.
Ecological Study: Health Outcome data sources?
Health outcome data sources include national morbidity and mortality data
Ecological Study: Examples?
CHD in 40 different countries, CHD in 7th Day Adventist Men
Ecological Study: Limitations?
Alternate hypotheses, and no individual level data
Ecological Study: Advantages?
Quick & cheap, able to consider a WIDE range of differences in diet
What are the two types of observational studies that use individual level diet data
Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies
Case-Control Study: Limitations?
Alt. hypotheses, temporal relationship unclear, recall bias
Case-Control Study: Advantages?
Quick and cheap, particularly appropriate for RARE disease (birth defects)
Case-Control Study: Examples?
Tofu & Breast Cancer
Prenatal Vitamins & Neural Tube Defects
Cohort Study: Limitations?
Alternative hypotheses, expensive & long
Cohort Study: Advantages?
Establishes prospective nature of relationship between diet and health (TEMPORAL SEQUENCE), Examines the achievable range of diet variability (lowest to highest intake)
