Obesity

Question 1

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 1

kg/m^2

Correlates well with body fatness in general, simple to assess.

Question 2

One unit of BMI is about..

Answer 2

6 or 7 pounds for most people

Question 3

How much of the US population is overweight or obese

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

70% of obese people suffer from…

Answer 4

at least 1 other health problem, most commonly, diabetes.

Question 5

How many people die each year from obesity related problems

Answer 5

300,000

Question 6

What was the most notable shift in the 2007 expert report on food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer? (from 1997)

Answer 6

The increase in emphasis on obesity as a risk for many types of cancer, and a target for treatment/intervention.

Question 7

Is visceral or subcutaneous fat better?

Answer 7

Subcutaneous fat is better than visceral.

apples are worse off than pears, android is worse than gynoid

Question 8

Why is visceral fat worse?

Answer 8

It releases fatty acids more readily, even if it’s not needed by the muscle.

Question 9

What happens to unused fatty acids?

Answer 9

They are cleared by the liver to make VLDL triglyceride, and then gets sent back to the fat tissue to be stored.

Question 10

Is it better to be insulin sensitive or insulin resistant?

Answer 10

Insulin sensitive!!!

Resistance is a continuous spectrum.

Question 11

What is hypertriglyceridemia?

Answer 11

Insulin Resistance.

Stored triglycerides from fat cells (especially visceral fat) are released and getting repackaged into vLDL and going back to fat for tissue.

Question 12

Insulin sensitivity/resistance study (Cornier)

Answer 12

• hi carb/ lo fat is more effective for insulin sensitive women
• lo carb/hi fat is more effective for insulin resistant women
• low GL is more effective than high GL for insulin resistant adults, but not insulin sensitive adults.

Question 13

Having 3 or more/5 of these symptoms (abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol) is an indicator of

Answer 13

Metabolic Syndrome

Question 14

Conclusion of the Sacks et al Study looking at variations of carb/fat/protein

Answer 14

Reduced calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize

Question 15

A to Z weight loss study

Answer 15

~30kg RANGE of weight change WITHIN each diet group

Question 16

SNAP participation is _______ associated with obesity

Answer 16

Positively/Adversely

Question 17

Who has a higher prevalence of obesity

Answer 17

Food Insecure Adults

Question 18

Lower Energy Density weight loss strategy

Answer 18

Higher water content usually means lower energy density

Question 19

Insulin resistant individuals should choose

Answer 19

low carb diets over low fat diets

Question 20

Why would eating lower glycemic load diets help with weight loss

Answer 20

to minimize the decrease in resting energy expenditure that typically accompanies weight loss