Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

Question

thiamin deficiency causes

Answer 1

``` star gazing (opisthotonus) abnormal hypertension, spazms of the neck (neck flexed and downward), blindness and staggering, loses thiamin by urination from other disorders ```

Answer 2

absorbed in the ileum ONLY | requires intrinsic factor from the stomach

Answer 3

found common in cats for chonic GI symptoms decreases cobalmin treated with cobalmin will not respond to other therapies if cobalamin is low

Answer 4

1 or 1.5 to 1

Answer 5

``` postparturient ypocalcemia (milk fever)- eclampsia very common in homemade diets ```

Answer 6

from chonic blood loss, otherwise not all that common usually fine with good food. Anemia is an iron deficieny

Answer 7

majority in bone or intracellularly only 1% in plasma mostly unbound some bound but mainly to albumin

Answer 8

neuromuscular signs Hypomagesemic tetany inadult rumminants common in grazers low urinary mg nervous, tremors, twitching of facial muscles, staggering, convusions, occurs in pastures with increases manure content or nitrogent content

Answer 9

In Pigs: parakeratosis- reddening of the skin and scabs abnormal growth, depressed appetite In Calves: inflammation of nose and mouth stiffness of joints and swollen feet parakeratosis improvement is rapid and dramatic with zn supplements but has a small margin of safety and can destroy red blood cells

Answer 10

Sheep are very sensative pigs and cows mostly resistant where there is an iron overload laryngitis, bronchitis, diarrheaa,anemia,emaciation

Answer 11

mostly in the thyroid gland 15-20 mg in the body component of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 made from the thyroid gland

Answer 12

major active formof thyroid hormone. Acts like a steroid hormone. made from T4 in liver and kidney via iodothyronine deiodionases t3 binds to nuclear receptors on target tissue and interacts withdna to modulate transcription

Answer 13

circulating thyroid hormone

Answer 14

Goiter (overgrowth of the thyroid) reproductive abnormalities, weak, dead young, hairless In Young: decreased osteoblast acctivity because less t3, growth arrest, epiphyseal dysgenesis and dalay bone age no effect on bone in adullts

Answer 15

iodine deficiency | failure of dev of crebrlcorex (vsual n auditry areas)

Answer 16

``` capybara, guinea pigs fruit bats teleost fish primates psserine birds ```

Answer 17

vitamin A Vitamin D Calcium

Answer 18

Used for: vision and cell differentiation 3 kinds: retinal,retinol,retinoic acid Cats NEED vitamin A B-carotene can be converted in some species Causes: bone pain, bony chnges (bony fusions), nerologic signs

Answer 19

Some species can make it some can't Steroid prohormone works at the nuclear level biosynthesis can be inadequate, and consumptionwill compensate indecrease in biosynthesis Needed for calcium metabolism (active transport of calcium needs vitamin D) dogs and cats cant make vitamin d even with sun

Answer 20

Deficienc: impared mineralization of growing bones (rickets) toxicity:uncommon from diet alone, but found in rodenticides --renal failure, soft tissue mineralziation n accumulates in the fat

Answer 21

inflammation of body fat

Answer 22

with fatty acids (fish oils) you need more vitamin e Antioxidant linked to pufa intake Deficiency: species specific, other compounds can help (selenium and methionine) seen in swine and sometimes cats

Answer 23

1. Vitamin A (cannot make this) 2. Thiamin B1 (other disorders can cause a deficiency) 3. pyridoxine (cn be paired with thyaminase) 4. cobalamin (sensative to antibiotics or gi diseases)

Answer 24

Niacin and pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 25

riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin c, biiotin,choline, copper, mangangese, cobalt, ultra trace elements.

Answer 26

``` calcium!!!! microminerals! thiamin (B1) cobalamin (B12) taurine ```