Vitamins And Exercise

Question 0

Role of vitamins

Answer 0

Needed to produce specific cellular reactions
Enable energy to be derived from carbohydrates, fat and protein
Act as metabolic co factors
May influence mineral status (nutrient synergy)
‘Supercharging’ energy turnover ad metabolic reactions

Question 1

What are vitamins?

Answer 1

Substances needed in tiny amounts
For growth, health and physical wellbeing
Many form parts of enzyme systems
Involved in energy production and performance
Other involved in immune hormonal and nervous system

Question 2

Definition of antioxidants?

Answer 2

Enzymes and nutrients that scavenge free radicals by donating there own electrons

Question 3

Where can antioxidants be found?

Answer 3

In plants- phytochemicals eg. Carotenoids

Question 4

Role of vitamin e

Answer 4

Powerful antioxidant
Exercise generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species
Antioxidant may protect against damage
Prevents oxidation of fatty acids in cell membrane

Question 5

Role of vitamin C

Answer 5

Required for the formation of connective tissue and certain hormones ( adrenaline)
Needed for RBC formation
Enhances iron absorption
May stabilise cell membranes against viral attack
Powerful antioxidant (like vitamin E)
Easy to obtain from dietary sources

Question 6

B vitamins

Answer 6

Convert energy from foods into muscular energy and heat
Act as metabolic cofactors (glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidation of fatty acids)
B6 and b12 involved in RBC synthesis

Question 7

Benefits of vitamin D

Answer 7

Regulation of cell growth ( cancer prevention)
Regulation of immune function (diabetes type 1)
Bone health
Regulation of BP

Question 8

Where Is vitamin D synthesised?

Answer 8

Skin- cholecalciferol synthesised from 7-dehydrocholestrol
Non enzymatic
Action of UV light

Transported by specific binding protein to liver

Stored in fat deposits
In the kidney- final enzymatic hydroxylation

Question 9

Factors effecting vitamin D status

Answer 9

Geographic location 
Season
Skin pigmentation
Cultural practice
Living conditions
Diet

Question 10

How many adolescents have low levels of vit D?

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

Bone health and vitamin d

Answer 11

Needed for calcium homeostasis
Higher bone turnover and fracture incidence linked to vit d insufficiency
Supplement studies have shown improvements in BMD and reduced fracture risk

Question 12

Muscles and vit d

Answer 12

Supports ATP calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Increased concentrations of cellular ATP= protein synthesis
Deficiency linked to muscular weakness

Question 13

Vitamin d and the heart

Answer 13

Role in functioning of smooth muscle in the CV system

May affect development of hypertension