Minerals And Execise

Question 0

Categorising minerals

Answer 0

Major- phosphorous calcium
Minor- iron, zinc
Lesser known- aluminium tin

Question 1

The role of minerals in the body

Answer 1

22 minerals in the body= 4% body mass
Obtained by eating plants and animals
Most are essential for optimum physiological functioning
Mg is needed for energy
Ca metabolism, electrical gradients
Zn cofactor to enzyme reactions, needed for nucleus acid synthesis, glycolysis, CO2 removal
Copper role in haemoglobin and peptide hormone synthesis
Selenium is a potent antioxidant
NA, k and Cl are important for water homeostasis
Ca and k add strength and structure to skeleton
NA and k maintain the acidity and alkalinity of the blood and tissue

Question 2

Role of calcium

Answer 2

Major
Contraction
Neurotransmitter release
99% found in bones
Weight bearing high impact exercises increase bone mineral density
Adequate vit D and normal oestrogen levels needed for optimal absorption
Intakes generally lower than recommendation

Question 3

Calcium and body composition

Answer 3

Calcium increases whole body fat oxidation
Stimulation of lipolysis and suppression of lipogenesis
Promotes energy loss through increased faecal fat excretion

Question 4

Role of iron

Answer 4

Needed to transport oxygen in iron containing proteins (haemoglobin)
Cofactor for enzymes in the electron transport chain
Required for carbohydrate and protein metabolism

Question 5

Iron requirements

Answer 5

18mg women

8mg men

Question 6

Markers of iron deficiency

Answer 6

Soluble transferrin receptors
Erythropoiesis = decreased plasma iron
IDA= low haemoglobin (below 9g/dl) haemocritic and RBCs
Gold standard to use several markers

Question 7

Harm iron absorption

Answer 7

Must be separated from globin portion of Hb before absorption
Undertaken by protease
Takes place in SI (proximal portion)- duodenum

Question 8

What effect do exertion all forces have on RBC?

Answer 8

Research suggest it causes breakdown