Fat Flashcards
Why do we need a certain intake of fat?
Essential macronutrient Energy source Protect and support Part of cell membrane, myelin sheath Preservation of body heat Source of fat-soluble vitamins
What is fat?
Dense energy form 9kcal/g
Longer gastric emptying time than carbohydrates
Vitamins a, d, e, k
Bf levels needed for optimal performance are sport specific
More ATP per molecule than glucose
How much fat do we need?
6-9% saturated fats
What age bracket has the highest intake in the uk?
19-64 males
4-18 females
What is the main source of fat in the UK?
Meat/ meat products
How is fat (adiposites) stored?
Around 90% stored as triglycerides
How do FFA travel in the blood?
Attached to albumin
What pathway breakdown triglycerides?
Beta-oxidative metabolic pathway (lipolysis)
What is the structure of sterols?
Formed from 4 carbon rings
Different chemical structure to other lipids
Function: cholesterol and sex hormones
What is the structure of phospholipids?
Nitrogen group
Phosphate group
2 fatty acids
Functions: myelin sheath, blood clotting, cell membranes maintenance and structure
Chemical structure of lipoproteins?
Formed when triglycerides/ phospholipids join with protein
Functions: LDL, HDL, chylomicrons (formed in the SI)
What does goedecke’s theory state?
high fat diet (up to 70%)
5-7 days before event whilst continuing to exercise
This lowers resting muscle and liver glycogen stores= lowers exercise capacity and endurance
Jump starts fat oxidation
Followed by a high carbohydrate diet for 1-3 days (restoration phase)
How to measure triglyceride/ cholesterol content?
Use 10mg adipose tissue sample
1) lipids extracted using organic solvent (hexane and isopropanol)
2) lipids are emulsified by sonication in a buffer solution
3) lipid levels from the emulsion can be analysed using enzymatic kits
What is lipolysis?
Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
Broken down by ATGL, HSL, MGL
In the adipose tissue and muscle
