Carbohydrates

Question 0

What are disaccharides?

Answer 0

Two monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Organic compound
Sugar and starches=1% of body mass
Most important function= energy source
Simple- mono and di saccharides
              Intrinsic- fruit and veg
              Extrinsic- added to food
Complex - starches
             Natural- potatoes
             Refined - pizza 
All carbohydrates absorbed as monosaccharides

Question 2

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 2

Lactose cleaved by lactase

LI unable of producing lactase= no absorption= symptoms

Question 3

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 3

Complex carbohydrates due to repeated dehydration synthesis eg. Glycogen

Question 4

How are carbohydrates absorbed?

Answer 4

Only absorbed as monosaccharides
Starch hydrolysed by salivary and pancreatic amylase
Glucosidasis break down to monosaccharides

Question 5

What is gastric emptying?

Answer 5

Process by which food or fluid leaves stomach and enters intestine
Dependent on: contraction of smooth muscle
Opening of pyloric sphincter
Relaxation of duodenal smooth muscle
Different in solid and liquid foods
Regulated by:

Vagus nerve
Hormones
Mix of both
Rate limiting step in nutrient / water delivery and absorption