Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins are
Vitamins are organic compounds that play an essential role in metabolism and normal functions of the human body. We cannot synthesis vitamis(except of vitamin π·). Therefore, there are essential to the human body in limited amounts.
Lipid Soluble Vitamins
Lipid soluble vitamins (π΄,π·,πΈ & πΎ) need lipase enzymes and bile for their digestion. They can also be stored in the body in the liver and adipose tissues. These vitamins are not crucial to consume on a daily basis and are needed in small amounts each day. Also an antioxidant that play a role in the prevention of certain cancers.
Vitamin π¨ (πΉππππππ)
- Benefits: this vitamin is for night vision (helps the eyes adjust to light changes), and is
required for differentiation of tissues like skin, muscles and bones. - Source of diet (body requires up to 900ππ a day):
*Orange vegetables. π½-carotene is an orange pigment that transforms into retinol
in the liver. - Leafy vegetables.
- Milk.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β rare and may cause:
- Sight problems like night blindness.
- Xerophthalmia β failure to produce tears.
- Susceptible to infections
Vitamin π« (πͺπππππππππ)
- Benefits: its function is to increase absorption of calcium in the πΊπΌπ and urinary
system. It is produced in the body by a three steps process.
-Production Process:
1.In the skin, 7βππβπ¦ππππβππππ π‘ππππ get exposed to
ultra-violate rays from the sun and transforms into
previtamin π·3 (πβπππππππππππππ) that goes into the liver.
2. In the liver the π·3 goes under hydroxylation in its
25th carbon (25β βπ¦ππππ₯π¦π£ππ‘ππππ π·3) and sent to
the kidneys.
3. In the kidneys it goes under another hydroxylation in
its 1st carbon and becomes 1,25βππβπ¦ππππ₯π¦π£ππ‘ππππ
π·3.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 10ππ a day):
- Fish.
- Egg yolk.
- Milk products.
- Mushrooms.
- Exposure to ultra violate light.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β very common and can cause:
- Rickets/osteomalacia (insufficient absorption of calcium resulting it fragile bones)
Vitamin π¬ (π»πππππππππ)
- Benefits: this vitamin is a major anti-oxidant. It helps in neutralizing oxygen radicals and in the protection of π π΅πΆπ , muscles and the nervous system.
- Source of diet (body requires 15ππ a day):
- Seeds.
- Nuts.
- Plant oils.
- Fruits.
- Vegetables.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β very rare and can result in:
- haemolytic anaemia (mostly in infants).
- Muscle weakness (in adults).
- Neurological disorders.
Vitamin π² (π·ππππππππππππ)
- Benefits: this vitamin is important for the production of clothing factors in the liver. It is absorbed with the help of bacteria in the πΊπΌπ, and therefore it is given to infants to prevent bleeding (because their intestinal bacteria is not fully developed).
- Source of diet (body requires up to 120ππ a day):
- Herbs.
- Green leafy vegetables.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β rare and can result in *blood clothing disorders and intendancy to bleed
Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins (π΅ & πΆ) dissolve in water, thus we cannot store them in the body β they are eliminated in the urine. The body requires a continues daily supply in its diet.
Vitamin πͺ (π¨πππππππ π¨πππ )
- Benefits: this vitamin is essential in the formation of collagen.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 90ππ a day):
- Berries.
- Citrus fruits.
- Sweet peppers.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β can result in:
- weakening of connective tissues
- Scurvy syndrome β gingival bleeding, intestinal bleeding and crock-screw airs
- Aneurism β weakening of the walls of blood vessels.
Vitamin π©π (π»πππππππ)
-Benefits: Thiamine is an important coenzyme involved in a number of metabolic processes. It serves a role in cellular respiration by realising energy from lipids, carbohydrates and alcohol. Also, it is important for maintaining nervous system functions.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 1.2ππ a day):
- Seeds.
- Fruits.
- Vegetables.
- Grain.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β rare but can be found amongst alcoholics (due to replacement of
food) . - Beriberi β severe fatigue and nervous system malfunction like disorientation and nystagmus. Also may affect the cardiovascular, muscular and digestion systems.
- Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome β impaired vision, memory loss and balance disorder.
Vitamin π©π (πΉπππππππππ)
-Benefits: has a role in cellular respiration as an energy carrier to the πΈππΆ. It also promotes good vision and maintains the epidermis.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 1.3ππ a day):
- Nuts.
- Red meat.
- Fish.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β may cause:
- Ariboflavinosis syndrome β redness and swelling of the lips, mouth and throat.
- Chliosislangular stomatitis β cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth.
Vitamin π©π (π΅πππππ)
- Benefits: has a role in cellular respiration β glycolysis ππ·π», citric cycle, metabolism of lipids and πΈππΆ.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 16ππ a day):
- Nuts.
- Meat.
- Whole grains.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β may cause:
- Dermatitis.
- Dementia.
- Diarrea.
Vitamin π©π (π·ππππ ππππ/π·π³π·)
-Benefits: takes a role in protein metabolism, gluconeogenesis and π π΅πΆπ formation. Also involved in the production of insulin and haemoglobin.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 1.5ππ a day):
- Meat.
- Vegetables.
- Whole grains.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β may cause:
- Anaemia.
- Peripheral neuropathy β nerve damage
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic)
-Benefits: Pantothenic acid is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA)
- Source of diet(body requires up to 5mg a day)β
- Meat,
- broccoli,
- avocados
- Dificiency of the vitamin - may cause:
- Paresthesia
Vitamin π©π (π©πππππ)
-Benefits: helps releasing energy from carbohydrates and aids in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
- Source of diet (body requires up to 30ππ a day):
- Nuts.
- Vegetables.
- Egg yolk.
- Deficiency of the vitamin β rare and may cause:
- Fatigue.
- Loss of appetite.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Depression.
- Muscle pains.
- Anaemia.
- Heart Abnormalities
Vitamin π©π (πππππ π¨πππ )
-Benefits: Important in the synthesis of nucleotides and protein metabolism. Reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, promotes π π΅πΆπ formations and also lowers the risk of neutral tube birth defects. It is given to women during pregnancy to prevent π ππππ ππππππ.
- Source of diet(body requires up to 400ππ ππ 600ππ to pregnant women a day):
- Leafy vegetables.
- Whole grain.
- Deficiency of the vitamin causes:
- Problems in cell growth.
- Problems in protein production.
- Anaemia.
- Diarrhea.
