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Anatomy Physiology > THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The male reproductive system

A

is composed of organs located inside and outside of the body.

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2
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system

A
  • To produce maintain and support sperm (the male reproductive cells) with semen.
    • Semen – the protective white fluid surrounding
      the sperm.
    • To discharge semen within the female
      reproductive system.
    • To produce and secrete male hormones
      (testosterones).
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3
Q

External Organs

A

The external structures of the male productive system are:

  • The penis.
  • The scrotum.
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4
Q

The Penis

A

The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts:

  1. The root – attached to the all of the abdomen.
  2. The shaft – the penis body.
  3. The glans – the head of the penis. Covered with a loose layer of skin called foreskin. The open of the urethra is at the tip of the glans.
  4. Urethra – passes within the penis.
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5
Q

The Scrotum

A

The scrotum is a loose pouch like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicle, nerves
and blood vessels.
Their function is to protect the testicles and maintain temperature control. For normal the testicle operates
at a lower temperature from the body, at about 35 ℃. Therefore, if it’s too hot, the muscles in the wall
of the scrotum will relax, resulting the scrotum to get lose and away from the body. When it’s too cold, the
same muscle will contract, pulling the scrotum close to the body

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6
Q

Internal Organs(10)

A

The internal structures of the male reproductive system are:

  • Testis
  • Seminiferous tubules
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Ampulla
  • Prostate gland
  • Urethra
  • Bulbourethral gland
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7
Q

Testis

A

Located outside the body and inside of the scrotum. They are responsible for sperm production (spermatogenesis) and as endocrine organ to produce testosterone.

  • Testosterone is created in the leydig cells.
  • Spermatogenesis happens in the seminiferous tubules
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8
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Located within the testes. These are coiled tubes that are responsible for
producing sperm cell by meiotic division of germ cells.

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9
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle and receives sperm from the
seminiferous tubules. Functions in maturation and transport (sperm from the testes are immature
and incapable of fertilization).

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10
Q

Vas deferens

A

Muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity. Functions in
transporting mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

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11
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Sac like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder.
Produce a sugar rich fluid of fructose that provides sperm wit energy for motility.

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12
Q

Ampulla

A

Connects the semi vesicles and creates the spermatic cord

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13
Q

Ejaculation duct

A

formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles – empty into the urethra

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14
Q

Prostate gland

A

Walnut sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder that contributes addition fluid to the ejaculation, which nourish the sperm (contains bicarbonate to contradict the vagina low 𝑝𝐻). The urethra runs through the center of it.

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15
Q

Urethra

A

carries semen and urine out of the body.
* When the penis is erect during intercourse, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated

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16
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

pea sized structure located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland. Produces a clear fluid that empties into the urethra to lubricate and neutralize any acidity that may be present due to previous urine.

17
Q

Reproductive Hormones

A

The male reproductive system is hormone dependent. The hormones are:

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (𝐹𝑆𝐻) – necessary for sperm production.
  2. Luteinizing hormone (𝐿𝐻) – stimulate the production of testosterone which is necessary in order to continue spermatogenesis.
  3. Testosterone – responsible for development of male characteristics like:
    * Muscle mass.
    * Strength.
    * Fat distribution.
    * Bone mass.
    * Sex drive.
18
Q

Sperm Structure

A
  • Head – containing the nucleus which is haploid with 23 chromosomes.
  • Acrosome – vesicle containing enzymes used to penetrate the zona pellucida and enter the oocyte.
  • Body – contain mitochondria that provides energy for motility.
  • Tail – flagella that is made of microtubules
19
Q

Sperm Pathway

A

The path way of sperm from the male body can be remembered by the sentence “seven up”.

  1. Seminiferous tubules.
  2. Epididymis.
  3. Vas deferens.
  4. Ejaculation duct.
  5. Nothing (just for the sentence to make sense).
  6. Urethra.
  7. Penis.
20
Q

Erection

A

Increased blood flow to the penis by vasodilation (extension of the lumen) of the arteries in the penis, and by vasoconstriction (shortening of the lumen) of the veins.
It is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

21
Q

Ejaculation -

A

During sexual arousal, muscle contraction forces the sperm into the vas defers. Further contraction of the muscle surrounding the urethra and the ducts, push sperm out of the penis.
This is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. It’s also responsible for bladder relaxation and
urethral sphincter contraction.

22
Q

Pathology

A
  • Prostatic Hypertrophy
  • Sexual Transmitted Diseases (𝑆𝑇𝐷)
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • Herpes simplex 2
23
Q

Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of the prostate gland. Most common productive problem for older men. For most men,
testosterone secretion continues thought life, as does sperm production. Though both diminish with
advancing age. This causes the urethra to compress and urination become difficult.

24
Q

Sexual Transmitted Diseases (𝑆𝑇𝐷)

A

Sexually transmitted diseases are infection spread by sexual activities. Can either be:

  • Vaginal.
  • Oral.
  • Anal.
25
Q

Chlamydia

A

Most common 𝑆𝑇𝐷. Caused by the bacteria chlamydia trachomatis. Can be inflammation of the penile urethra and white penile discharge.

26
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Also amongst the most common 𝑆𝑇𝐷. Caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea. Can cause burning sensation when urinating and penile discharge.

27
Q

Herpes simplex 2

A

Genital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Can cause lesions on the shaft of the penis, on inner thigh, on buttocks or anus.

Anatomy Physiology (20 decks)

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