BLOOD VESSELS

Question 1

kinds of blood vessels in the body

Answer 1

1. Artery – blood vessels that conducting the blood from the heart to the body.
2. Veins – blood vessels that conducting blood from the body to the heart.
3. Capillary - tiny blood vessels found all over the body, allowing gasses, nutrients, fluids and waste
   product exchange between the blood and the interspatial fluid (the fluid that surrounds the cells)

Question 2

Structure of blood vessels

Answer 2

• Artery and vines are made of three different layers:
• Outer tunica adventitia/externa (connective tissue).
• Middle tunica media that consist of smooth muscle and some degree of elastic tissue.
• Inner tunica intima made off simple squamous epithelium.
• Capillary – made of simple squamous epithelium that allows fluids deliver to the vascular
  system.

Question 3

Blood Flow in the Vessels (Arteries and Veins)

Answer 3

• Arteries – the blood flow in the arteries is under a high pressure generated by the heart’s work. The blood pressure in arteries is 120/80 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔. *

*Veins – the blood flow in the veins is under a very low pressure of 0 to 10 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔, due to three mechanisms:
^ Eternal pump – skeletal muscle activities.
^ Internal pump – smooth muscle activity of the
tunica media.
^ Valves – unidirectional doors that prevent blood to
go backwards in the veins (prevents
back flow).

*Blood pressure in vessels is also maintained by two mechanisms:
^ Vasoconstriction – decrease the vessel lumen
causing increased blood flow and
pressure.
^ Vasodilatation – increase the vessel lumen causing
lower blood flow and pressure.

Question 4

Capillaries and Fluid Exchange

Answer 4

Blood is entering the capillaries in pressure from arterioles causing the fluid (the blood plasma) to go out
to the interstitial fluid exchanging gasses and other nutrients as well. Fluids then returned into the
capillaries by oncotic pressure created by albumin. Later on, the blood is collected into the small venule
and then larger veins and from there to the heart. The blood pressure in the capillaries is between 30-40.

Question 5

Pathology

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis – a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the wall of arteries mainly due to a disposition of 𝐿𝐷𝐿, without adequate removal of fats and cholesterol by factual 𝐻𝐷𝐿. This causes accumulations of lipids in the blood vessels that block and disturb blood from flowing
freely in the vessels