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Home Ec > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of Retinol

A

Fish, fish oils, butter, margarine, liver, milk

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2
Q

Sources of beta-carotene

A

Carrots, tomatoes, yellow peppers, cabbage, broccoli

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3
Q

Properties of vitamin A

A

Fat soluble
Destroyed by oxygen
Heat stable
Antioxidant

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4
Q

Functions of vitamin A

A

Produces rhodopsin which helps eyes adapt to dim light
Maintains membranes of the nose, mouth, oesophagus and lungs
General growth and repair
Boosts immune system

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5
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness
Inhibits growth
Rough, dry skin
Lack of mucus in the eyes

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6
Q

Sources of cholecalciferol (D3)

A

Skin, fish liver oils, eggs, milk

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7
Q

Sources of ergocalciferol (D2)

A

Fungi, yeast

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8
Q

Properties of vitamin D

A

Fat soluble
Heat stable
Unaffected by oxygen, acids or alkalis

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9
Q

Functions of vitamin D

A

Healthy bones and teeth
Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Controls levels of calcium in the blood
Prevents bone diseases

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10
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Dental decay
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis

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11
Q

Hypervitaminosis

A

Overconsumption of vitamin D can lead to excess calcium in the blood, leading to calcium deposits in the body
Thirst, vomiting, diarrhoea, mental confusion

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12
Q

Properties of Vitamin E

A 
Fat soluble
Heat stable
Antioxidant
Stable in acidic environments
Unstable when exposed to oxygen or light
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13
Q

Functions of Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant: reduce risk of heart disease and cancer
Reduces effects of ageing
Protects red and white blood cells

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14
Q

Deficiency of vitamin E

A

Eye disorders and anaemia in infants

Increase risk of lung cancer among smokers

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15
Q

Sources of tocopherol

A 
Wholegrain cereals
Nuts
Pulses
Olive oil
Fish
Eggs
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16
Q

Sources of phylloquinone

A

Spinach
Cabbage
Peas
Cereals

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17
Q

Sources of menaquinone

A

Bacteria in the intestine

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18
Q

Properties of vitamin K

A

Fat soluble
Heat stable
Destroyed by UV light

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19
Q

Functions of vitamin K

A

Necessary for blood clotting

Helps maintain calcium levels in bones

20
Q

Properties of vitamin C

A 
Water soluble
Sharp taste
Heat unstable
Destroyed by oxidation, UV, iron, copper, zinc
Antioxidant
21
Q

Functions of vitamin C

A 
Antioxidant
Formation  of collagen
Development of bones and teeth
Fight infection
Assimilation of non-haem iron
22
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy
Anaemia
Slower healing
Bruising and bleeding

23
Q

Properties of thiamine (B1)

A

Water soluble

Destroyed by high temperatures and alkalis

24
Q

Functions of thiamine (B1)

A

Release of energy from carbs and fats
Normal functioning of nervous system
Growth in children
General good health

25
Q

Thiamine deficiency (B1)

A

Beriberi
Irritability, lack of focus, memory loss
Fatigue, muscle cramps
Retarded growth

26
Q

Sources of thiamine (B1)

A 
Milk
Eggs
Yeast extract
Meat, offal
Wholegrain cereals
27
Q

Properties of riboflavin (B2)

A

Water soluble
Sensitive to light and alkalis
Unstable at high temperatures

28
Q

Functions of riboflavin (B2)

A

Release of energy from carbs, fats, protein
Healthy membranes in nose and mouth
Healthy skin
Growth in children

29
Q

Riboflavin deficiency (B2)

A

Eye infection
loss of appetite
broken skin in lips and mouth
enlarged red tongue

30
Q

Sources of riboflavin (B2)

A 
Milk
Eggs
Yeast extract
Meat, offal
Dark green leafy veg
31
Q

Properties of pyridoxine (B6)

A

Water soluble
destroyed by sunlight, oxygen
Heat stable

32
Q

Functions of pyridoxine (B6)

A

Metabolism of protein and fats
Healthy nervous system
Production of red and white blood cells
Healthy skin

33
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency (B6)

A

Anaemia

Inflammation of skin

34
Q

Sources of pyridoxine (B6)

A

Meat
Fish
Dark green leafy veg
Oranges, bananas

35
Q

Properties of cobalamin (B12)

A

Water soluble

Heat, light, acid and alkali stable

36
Q

Functions of cobalamin (B12)

A

Manufacture of ref blood cells
Metabolism of fatty acids and folic acid
Formation of myelin sheaths

37
Q

Cobalamin deficiency (B12)

A

Pernicious anaemia

38
Q

Sources of cobalamin (B12)

A 
Offal
Meat
Fish
Eggs
Milk
39
Q

Properties of niacin

A

Water soluble

Stable in heat and with acids and alkalis

40
Q

Functions of niacin

A

Metabolism of carbs

Promotes healthy nervous system

41
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

Pellegra

42
Q

Sources of niacin

A

Yeast
Meat
Dairy
Wholegrain cereals

43
Q

Properties of folic acid

A

Water soluble
Stable in acidic environments
Affected by light and oxygen

44
Q

Functions of folate

A

Manufacture of DNA and RNA
Form red blood cells
Developing brain and spinal cord of foetus
Protein metabolism

45
Q

Folic acid deficiency

A

Fatigue

Neural tube defects

46
Q

Sources of folic acid

A

Liver, kidney
Cabbage, spinach
Wholegrain cereals

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