vitamins Flashcards
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water soluble vitamins
B,C
What do fat soluble vitamins do?
absorb fat in the diet
When does malabsorption occur in the body
when there isn’t enough fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A includes a class of chemicals called
Retinoids and subunits of these are: retinol, retinal, and retinalaldehyde
Retinoids play a role in what
day and night vision
Vitamin d is needed for
calcium absorption (from intestines) calcium and phosphate homeostasis, storage and metabolism
Vitamin E
tocopherol is the antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative energy, free radicals
All clotting factors require Vitamin _ for activation
K
Vitamin K deficiency can lead to
increased clotting time ( takes longer to clot )
What is the source of vitamin a
carotenoids in green foliage . B carotene
Functions of vitamin a
vision (rods and cones)
reproduction
differentiation of epithelial cells
Deficiency of Vitamin a leads to
night blindness , poor growth, dry skin
How can Vitamin A toxicity occur in cats
feeding high amount of liver , which causes excessive resorption of bone and remodeling, and fusion of spine
hyena disease in cattle occurs from
giving large amounts of vitamin a to treat diarrhea. causes remolding of bones
Vitamin a toxicity can lead to
skin erythema
precursor of vitamin d is
7-dehydrocholesterol
UV light helps in producing vitaminn d 3 from
cholesterol
hydroxylation of vitamin d inactive form takes place where
liver and kidneys
how does vitamin d3 change to its active form in the liver
vitamin d3—– 25-hydroxy vitamin d
how does vitamin d3 change to its active form in the kidneys
25-hydroxy vitamin d —- 1, 25 hydroxy vitamin d (steroid hormone )—> binds to intracellular receptors
Vitamin D deficiency causes what in adults and in young
adults- osteomalacia
rickets - young
if the diet is high in calcium :
calcium will diffuse from the lumen into the intestine by passive diffusion
if the diet is not high in calcium or if animal is growing
vitamin d creates carriers in intestines of epithelial cells using active transport(needs 1,25 vit d). vitamin d binds to intercellular receptors as a intercellular ligand for synthesis of calcium binding proteins
