Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
The hms shunt produces ___ which is required for ___
Ribose –> nucleic acid synthesis
NADPH–> lipid biosynthesis
In the electron transport chain, the hydrogen ions enter the inner compartment of the mitochondria through special channels formed by
ATP synthase
Glycolysis results in the production of 2 __ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of __ the end product of glycolysis is __.
pyruvate
energy
lactate
The krebs cycle converts __ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP __ and ___ are produced
acetyl co a
NADH, FADH2
in aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to
acetyl co-a
What pathway is involved in the detoxification of drugs
uronic acid pathway
The hexose monophosphate shunt pathway is not utilized for what
ATP
Glycogen is stored for later use in
muscle and liver cells
Enzyme catalyzing glucose phosphorylation in liver is
gluockinase
in anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to
lactate
The cori cycle describes the release of lactate from active muscle into the blood stream and its subsequent uptake by the liver. The lactate in the liver is then used for
glucose Synthesis
A major physiological function of the pentose phosphate pathway is formation of what
NADPH and ribose 5 phosphate
English spring spaniels have a deficiency in what
phoshofrucokinase
Toy breed dogs have a deficiency in what
gluc-6-phosphatase
German shepherds have a deficiency in what
debraching
what can contribute to glucose directly following glycogenolysis
liver
Insulin independent glucose transporters __ and is present in
Glut 4
muscle and adipose tissue
deficiency of flu-6-pase cause what disease
glycogen storage disease
Transport of monosaccharides from the gut lumen to the intestinal cells occurs by
SGLUT
What are the diabetogenic (stress) hormones
cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine
excess glucose after a meal will first form glycogen in a process called
glycogenesis
which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in liver
glucokinase
the first step in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6 phosphate.this action serves to :
trap glucose
which cells of the body under normal circumstances must have energy in the form of glucose in order to survive
neurons
when liver glucose levels are inadequate to supply glucose, especially to the brain, amino acids and glycerol are used to produce __ in a process called ___
glucose
gluconeogenesis
what is the purpose of the malate shuttle
uses malate and asparate to shuttle OAA into the mitochondria to be used in the tca cycle
gluconeogensis occurs in
liver and kidneys
What enzyme is deficient in the muscle of weimaraner dogs
gluc 6 p dehydrogenase
what enzyme is absent in fish, primates, mammals, songbirds
L gulonolactone oxidase
rate limiting enzyme for gluconegoensis
phosphenol pyruvate carboxykinase PEPCK
