Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

The hms shunt produces ___ which is required for ___

Answer 1

Ribose –> nucleic acid synthesis

NADPH–> lipid biosynthesis

Question 2

In the electron transport chain, the hydrogen ions enter the inner compartment of the mitochondria through special channels formed by

Answer 2

ATP synthase

Question 3

Glycolysis results in the production of 2 __ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of __ the end product of glycolysis is __.

Answer 3

pyruvate
energy
lactate

Question 4

The krebs cycle converts __ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP __ and ___ are produced

Answer 4

acetyl co a

NADH, FADH2

Question 5

in aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to

Answer 5

acetyl co-a

Question 6

What pathway is involved in the detoxification of drugs

Answer 6

uronic acid pathway

Question 7

The hexose monophosphate shunt pathway is not utilized for what

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

Glycogen is stored for later use in

Answer 8

muscle and liver cells

Question 9

Enzyme catalyzing glucose phosphorylation in liver is

Answer 9

gluockinase

Question 10

in anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to

Answer 10

lactate

Question 11

The cori cycle describes the release of lactate from active muscle into the blood stream and its subsequent uptake by the liver. The lactate in the liver is then used for

Answer 11

glucose Synthesis

Question 12

A major physiological function of the pentose phosphate pathway is formation of what

Answer 12

NADPH and ribose 5 phosphate

Question 13

English spring spaniels have a deficiency in what

Answer 13

phoshofrucokinase

Question 14

Toy breed dogs have a deficiency in what

Answer 14

gluc-6-phosphatase

Question 15

German shepherds have a deficiency in what

Answer 15

debraching

Question 16

what can contribute to glucose directly following glycogenolysis

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

Insulin independent glucose transporters __ and is present in

Answer 17

Glut 4

muscle and adipose tissue

Question 18

deficiency of flu-6-pase cause what disease

Answer 18

glycogen storage disease

Question 19

Transport of monosaccharides from the gut lumen to the intestinal cells occurs by

Answer 19

SGLUT

Question 20

What are the diabetogenic (stress) hormones

Answer 20

cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine

Question 21

excess glucose after a meal will first form glycogen in a process called

Answer 21

glycogenesis

Question 22

which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in liver

Answer 22

glucokinase

Question 23

the first step in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6 phosphate.this action serves to :

Answer 23

trap glucose

Question 24

which cells of the body under normal circumstances must have energy in the form of glucose in order to survive

Answer 24

neurons

Question 25

when liver glucose levels are inadequate to supply glucose, especially to the brain, amino acids and glycerol are used to produce __ in a process called ___

Answer 25

glucose

gluconeogenesis

Question 26

what is the purpose of the malate shuttle

Answer 26

uses malate and asparate to shuttle OAA into the mitochondria to be used in the tca cycle

Question 27

gluconeogensis occurs in

Answer 27

liver and kidneys

Question 28

What enzyme is deficient in the muscle of weimaraner dogs

Answer 28

gluc 6 p dehydrogenase

Question 29

what enzyme is absent in fish, primates, mammals, songbirds

Answer 29

L gulonolactone oxidase

Question 30

rate limiting enzyme for gluconegoensis

Answer 30

phosphenol pyruvate carboxykinase PEPCK