Protein And Amino Acid Metabolism And Urea Cycle

Question 1

What is the amino acid structure

Answer 1

An amino group (Nh2)
A carboxylic group (COOH)
And a variable side chain (R) group attached to a central alpha carbon

Question 2

Basic amino acids

Answer 2

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

Question 3

Acidic amino acids

Answer 3

Glutamate and aspartate

Important in trans, Deamination, and urea cycle

Question 4

What are the branching amino acids and where are muscle are they important In

Answer 4

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

Question 5

Branched chain amino acids are in the

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

What is the simplest amino acid and what makes it simple

Answer 6

Glycine

It is neither hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Question 7

What two proteins cannot be transaminated

Answer 7

Lys and Pro

Question 8

The process by which an amino group ,usually from glutamate is transferred to alpha keto acid forming the corresponding amino acid plus alpha-ketoglutatate

Answer 8

Transamination

Question 9

What enzyme is used to convert alanine into pyruvate and vice versa

Answer 9

Alanine amino transferase (ALT)

Question 10

What enzyme is high in liver

Answer 10

ALT

Question 11

What is the central source of nitrogen for biosynthesis and excretion

Answer 11

Glutamate

Question 12

The enzyme that converts aspartate to OAA and reversible

Answer 12

Aspartate amino transferase (AST)

Question 13

What vitamin needs to be a cofactor for transamination

Answer 13

Vitamin b6

Question 14

Urea cycle happens where

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

What are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

Rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis

Answer 16

Phosphofructokinase

Question 17

What amino acid is sent to the brain from skeletal muscle during fasting

Answer 17

Valine

Question 18

What is the liver specific enzyme

Answer 18

Arginase

Question 19

What amino acid is sent to the brain from skeletal muscle during fasting

Answer 19

Valine

Question 20

Problems in urea synthesis leads to

Answer 20

Hyperammonemia

Arginine deficiency in cats

Question 21

Is urea water soluble

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

75 percent of urea goes to the

Answer 22

Kidney

Question 23

Ammonia is toxic to the brain so if there is elevated concentration of ammonia this results in

Answer 23

Hepatic encephalopathy

This depletes alpha ketogluturate resulting in decrease in cellular oxidation and ATP production

Question 24

In urea cycle what converts Arginine to ornthine

Answer 24

Arginase

Question 25

Rate limiting step for urea cycle

Answer 25

Mitochondrial Carbamoyl phosphate formation

Question 26

During gluconeogenesis what is favored by the liver and kidneys

Answer 26

Alanine –> liver

Glutamine —> kidneys

Question 27

What amino acid is preferred to get rid of ammonia in the brain

Answer 27

Glutamine