Protein And Amino Acid Metabolism And Urea Cycle Flashcards
What is the amino acid structure
An amino group (Nh2)
A carboxylic group (COOH)
And a variable side chain (R) group attached to a central alpha carbon
Basic amino acids
Histidine
Lysine
Arginine
Acidic amino acids
Glutamate and aspartate
Important in trans, Deamination, and urea cycle
What are the branching amino acids and where are muscle are they important In
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Branched chain amino acids are in the
Skeletal muscle
What is the simplest amino acid and what makes it simple
Glycine
It is neither hydrophilic or hydrophobic
What two proteins cannot be transaminated
Lys and Pro
The process by which an amino group ,usually from glutamate is transferred to alpha keto acid forming the corresponding amino acid plus alpha-ketoglutatate
Transamination
What enzyme is used to convert alanine into pyruvate and vice versa
Alanine amino transferase (ALT)
What enzyme is high in liver
ALT
What is the central source of nitrogen for biosynthesis and excretion
Glutamate
The enzyme that converts aspartate to OAA and reversible
Aspartate amino transferase (AST)
What vitamin needs to be a cofactor for transamination
Vitamin b6
Urea cycle happens where
Liver
What are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase
What amino acid is sent to the brain from skeletal muscle during fasting
Valine
What is the liver specific enzyme
Arginase
What amino acid is sent to the brain from skeletal muscle during fasting
Valine
Problems in urea synthesis leads to
Hyperammonemia
Arginine deficiency in cats
Is urea water soluble
Yes
75 percent of urea goes to the
Kidney
Ammonia is toxic to the brain so if there is elevated concentration of ammonia this results in
Hepatic encephalopathy
This depletes alpha ketogluturate resulting in decrease in cellular oxidation and ATP production
In urea cycle what converts Arginine to ornthine
Arginase
