Vitamins

Question 1

Properties of Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 1

No stored and must be absorbed, involved in metabolism and strcture

Question 2

Functions of B1

Answer 2

Thiamine (B1)
- Coenzyme in decarboxylates
	○ Pyruvate to AcetylCoA
- Metabolism of carbs, fats and AA
- Important in nerve function

Question 3

Functions of B2

Answer 3

Riboflavin (B2)
- Biological role
○ FADH2 electron carrier
- Involved in Metabolism of carbs, fats and AA

Question 4

Functions of B3

Answer 4

Niacin (B3)
- Coenzyme
- Electron carrier (NADPH and NADH)
- Involved in Metabolism of carbs, fats and AA
- Deficiency leads to the 4 Ds
	○ Death
	○ Dermititis
	○ Diarrhoea
	○ Dementia

Question 5

Functions of B6

Answer 5

Pyridoxine (B6)
- Involved in Amino Acid metabolism
○ Acts as a coenzyme in all transaminase reactions

Question 6

Biotin

Answer 6

Biotin

• Biosynthesis of Glucose, AA and fat
• Involved in Malonyl CoA for transport of alphaketoglutarate into mitochondria
• To many raw eggs will cause deficiency as avidin will bind to it, strongest known binding capacity

Question 7

Folate

Answer 7

Folate
- Involved in DNA synthesis, purines
- Amino acid and fat synthesis
- Deficiencies
	○ Macrocytic Anaemia
	○ Red Swollen tongue
	○ Neural tube defects (Spina bifida)

Question 8

Vitamin B12

Answer 8

Vitamin B12

• Conenzyme containing Cobolt
• Folate metabolism and transalkylations
• Can lead to pernicious aneamia and neurological disorders

Question 9

Intrinsic Factor

Answer 9

Intrinsic Factor

• Is a glycoprotein that is essential for theabsorption of B12
• Autoantibodies against IF lead to pernicios aneamia
• Once glycoprotein bound to B12 is degraded in the duodenum IF will bind to assist with B12 absorption across the SI

Question 10

Vitamin C

Answer 10

Vitamin C

• Collagen synthesis
• Neurotransmitter Metabolism
• Iron Absorption
• Antioxidant
• Immune Response?

Question 11

Vitamin A

Answer 11

Vitamin A

• Derived from B-carotene
• Stored in the liver
• Important for retina, night time vision and epithelial growth
• Toxic in high amounts

Question 12

Vitamin D

Answer 12

Vitamin D
- Derived from cholesterol
- Requires UV for synthesis
- Important for Ca2+ regulation and bone development
○ Works in conjunction in PTH to increase
§ Reabsorption in the kidney/GIT and bone
○ Deficiency can cause rickets
○ Osteomalacia in adults
- Maybe prevents autoimmune diseases such as MS

Question 13

Vitamin E

Answer 13

Vitamin E

- Antioxidant inserts in membrans and intercepts free radicals

Question 14

Vitamin K

Answer 14

Vitamin K

• Important for blood Clotting by acting as a co-enzyme in y-carboxy-glutamate
• Made by microbiota