Mitochondria Flashcards
What is the typical number of mitochondria per cell?
200 to 10,000 per cell yet can have thousands in fused muscle
How did mitochondria evolve
By endosymbiosis around 2 billion years ago
What are the main 4 pathways performed by mitochondria
Beta oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, urea cycle and Ketone body synthesis (from HMG-CoA as intermediate)
How many ATPs are produced from each intermediate in Oxidative phosphorylation
NADH=2.5 ATPs, FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs
How are ROS produced in the mitochondria
Electrons will leak from Q10 and react with oxygen, SOD and glutathione peroxidase will remove ROS via H2O2 and then H2O
What drugs can cause a reduction in Q10
Statins
WHat happens to Mitochondria as you age
They become depleted
What are some common mitochondrial diseases and what histological function do we look for?
MELAS and NARP and we look for ragged red fibres
What transporter shuffle system can transport FFA into mitochondria
Carnitine using acetyltransferase I and II
Breifly describe the Urea cycle in mitochondria
NH3 is carried on glutamate, it eneters mitochondria and NH4+ is produced and this is then shuffled out nof mitochndria and converted to urea in the cytosol for excreteion by the kidneys. Diseases such as arginaemia can occur if any defects in these pathways.
What electron transporter donates to what complex
NADH to compelx I and FADH2 to complex II
What will produce ATP in the mitochondria
The H+ gradient that passes through the ATP synthase
What molecule causes mitochondrial uncoupling in brown fat
DNP for heat production
What is the Malate shuffling system
Is a system where NADH is transported into the mitochondria, uses a Malate/Alpha ketoglutarate transporter in and will use a glutamate/aspartate transporter out
How is pyruvate transported into the mitochondria
A OH/pyruvate antiport