Drugs to treat Diabetes

Question 1

To regulate Weight

Answer 1

Orlistat to inhibit lipase activity in the GIT and Phentermine to increase NA, 5-HT and dopamine (can only be used for 3 weeks) and Topiramate

Question 2

To reduce Glucose in Type 1 diabetes

Answer 2

insulin, can be genetically modified to

1. increase shelf life (remove asparagines)
2. Increase longevity (reduce excretion and increase binding to albumin)
3. Decreased distribution into blood stream (monomer to hexamer to reduce Zn2+ interaction)

Question 3

Drugs that promote Hypoglyceamia in T2D

Answer 3

Sulphonlyureas, Biguanides, Alpha-glucosidases, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues and Na+/Glucose cotransporters

Question 4

Action of Sulphonylureas

Answer 4

Inhibit K+ channels to promote insulin release

Question 5

Examples of some Sulphonylureas

Answer 5

○ Chlorpropramide
○ Glibenclamide
○ Glipizide

Question 6

Examples of Biguanides and action

Answer 6

metforman that acts through AMPK to increase insulin sensitivity

Question 7

How do alpha-glucosidases work?

Answer 7

Inhibit glucose/carbohydrate breakdown in the gut

Question 8

How do DPP-4 inhibitors work and some examples

Answer 8

Inhibit the enzyme that breaks down the incretins and some examples include the glipton family

Question 9

How do GLP-1 analgues work

Answer 9

§ Loss of appetite
§ Inhibition of Gastric emptying
§ Potentiates insulin release in response to glucose
§ Suppresses glucagon
and some examples include exenotide and liraglutide

Question 10

Why is liraglutide more likely to be approved

Answer 10

Is attached to a FA so it can pass through the BBB and act on the CNS

Question 11

What is the mechanism of Na+/Glucose inhibitors

Answer 11

Will prevent the reabsorption of glucose from the proximal tubes in the kidney

Question 12

Complications of Insulin treatment of hyperglyceamia

Answer 12

Hypokaleamia as K+ will move into cells form the ECM and this can lead to cardiac problems and muscle myopathy