Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency

Question 1

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Answer 1

Very unlikely, scurvy, hyperkeratosis of hair follicle, psychological, delayed wound healing, bleeding gums, risk in persons with alcoholism, elderly, smokers

Question 2

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 2

Rare (Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome), Berberi, muscle weakness, anorexia, tachycardia, edema, abnormal gait and mental confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions, or elderly

Question 3

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Answer 3

Rare due to abundance & fortified products, cheilosis, glossitis, edema, diarrhea, mental confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, or malabsorptive conditions

Question 4

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Answer 4

Diarrhea, dermatitis, mental confusion, Pellagra

Question 5

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

Answer 5

Deficiency rare, numbness, tingling, vomiting, fatigue - risk in persons with alcoholism, with malabsorptive conditions

Question 6

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 6

Dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions – risk in persons with alcoholism, elderly, certain Rx use

Question 7

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Answer 7

Rare, anorexia, nausea, glossitis, depression, dry scaly dermatitis, At Risk: alcoholics, with malabsorptive condition

Question 8

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Answer 8

Megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, increased risk of heart disease or stroke, risk of Alzheimer’s, confusion – risk in persons with alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions, certain Rx use

Question 9

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Answer 9

Megaloblastic anemia, degeneration of peripheral nerves, at risk population: elderly, vegan/vegetarian, pernicious anemia, disorders affecting stomach/Ileum

Question 10

Vitamin A (Retinoids & Carotenoids

Answer 10

Less common, can result in anorexia, retarded growth, increased susceptibility to infection, keratinization of skin, eye defects, night blindness, fat malabsorption, appetite loss.

Question 11

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

Answer 11

Fatigue, low mood, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased risk of osteoporosis decreased immune health, rickets in children, infertility, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 12

Vitamin E (Tocopherol/ Tocotrienol)

Answer 12

Myopathy (muscle aches), anemia, neuropathy (nerve pain)

Question 13

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone- dietary, Menaquinone- endogenous)

Answer 13

Rare, occur in persons with fat malabsorption

Question 14

Calcium

Answer 14

Osteomalacia, tetany, rickets (in children), tetany

Question 15

Magnesium

Answer 15

Neuromuscular excitability, muscle weakness, tetany

Question 16

Potassium

Answer 16

Muscle weakness, mental apathy, cardiac arrhythmia (palpitations), bone fragility

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

Anorexia, nausea, muscle atrophy, poor growth, weight loss, rare occurrence of deficiency, can occur in athletes, excess exercise sweating, high fluid intake, , cirrhosis,

Question 18

Chloride

Answer 18

Loss of appetite, failure to thrive, weakness, lethargy, severe hypokalemia

Question 19

Sulfur

Answer 19

Reduced protein synthesis, reduced glutathione production (risk of cell damage)

Question 20

Phosphorus

Answer 20

Joint or bone pain, loss of appetite, irritability (anxiety), fatigue, poor bone development in children

Question 21

Zinc

Answer 21

Poor wound healing, subnormal growth, anorexia, abnormal smell or states, impaired reproductive development
Loss of appetite, alopecia, dermatitis, anorexia nervosa, or hyperkaratinization.

Question 22

Iron

Answer 22

Anemia, Fatigue, weakness, decreased resistance to infection

Question 23

Copper

Answer 23

Anemia, neutropenia, bone and blood vessel abnormalities, impaired immune function

Question 24

Iodine

Answer 24

Enlarged goiter

Question 25

Selenium

Answer 25

Myalgia, cardiac myopathy, poor growth, abnml sulfur metab.

Question 26

Manganese

Answer 26

Impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, impaired CNS fnc

Question 27

Chromium

Answer 27

Glucose intolerance, glucose and lipid metab. abnml

Question 28

Fluoride

Answer 28

Tooth decay, osteoporosis, brittle teeth

Question 29

Molybdenum

Answer 29

Hypermethioninemia, high urinary xanthine and sulfite excretion, low urinary sulfate and urate excretion