Nutrition Related Physiology Flashcards
Amylase and Pepsin have what in common?
A) They both break large polysaccharides (carbohydrates) down into smaller polysaccharides
B) They are both found in gastric juice.
C) They are both digestive enzymes.
D) They are both found in saliva.
E) They both break proteins down into smaller peptides.
C) They are both digestive enzymes.
Maximum hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen secretion in the stomach occurs when?
A) After food has already entered the stomach.
B) At about the same times every day when a person normally eats their meals.
C) When a person is anticipating a meal.
D) Just before food has entered the stomach.
E) At different times, maximum HCl secretion happens before maximum pepsinogen secretion.
A) After food has already entered the stomach.
Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?
A) All of these are functions of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice
B) Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.
C) Liquefy the contents of the stomach.
D) Activate pepsin by removing inhibitory amino acids.
E) Kill bacteria in food.
F)
B) Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.
The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the
A) rugae B) pyloric sphincter C) stomach valve D) lower esophageal sphincter E) epithelial valve
B) pyloric sphincter
An inactive precursor of an enzyme which requires a change to be activated is known as a
A) pepsin B) amylase C) zymogen D) polysaccharide E) pepsinogen
C) zymogen
Where in the digestive tract does most of the digestion take place in humans?
A) the pancreas B) the small intestine C) the large intestine D) the liver E) the stomach
B) the small intestine
Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Peptides are broken down into nucleic acids in the small intestine.
B) Bile salts coat lipids in the small intestine and keep them separated into tiny droplets so that they have lots of surface area that is accessible to digestive enzymes.
C) Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the small intestine.
D) Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides in the small intestine.
E) The pancreas is a major source of digestive enzymes for the small intestine.
A) Peptides are broken down into nucleic acids in the small intestine.
Which of the following is true about bicarbonate?
A) It is secreted by the liver and breaks carbohydrates down into monosaccharides.
B) It is secreted by the liver and neutralizes stomach acid.
C) It is secreted by the pancreas and neutralizes stomach acid.
D) It is secreted by the liver and aids in the digestion of lipids.
E) It is secreted by the pancreas and aids in the digestion of lipids.
C) It is secreted by the pancreas and neutralizes stomach acid.
Which of the following does not increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine?
A) peristalsis B) all of these increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine C) villi D) microvilli E) large folds of the intestinal wall
A) peristalsis
The small intestine absorbs what?
A) polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water
B) monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water
C) monosaccharides, amino acids, water and lipids
D) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and water
E) proteins, monosaccharides, water, and fatty acids
B) monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water
Which of the following is most responsible for causing celiac disease?
A) Glucose B) Glucagon C) Glycogen D) Glue E) Gliadin
E) Gliadin
SIBO may most likely result in:
A) Malabsorption B) Intervertebral disk disease C) Facial nerve paralysis D) Heart disease E) Kindey damage
A) Malabsorption
The gallbladder:
A) Stores bile from the stomach B) Secretes insulin C) Stores bile made by the liver D) Is not involved in the process of digestion E) Collects bile from the pancreas
C) Stores bile made by the liver
The pancreas:
A) Is a type of intestinal loop
B) Can malfunction, resulting in malabsorption
C) Is the same structure as the gallbladder
D) Only secretes insulin
E) Is not involved in the process of digestion
B) Can malfunction, resulting in malabsorption
What is most likely going to happen in celiac sprue?
A) Gallstone formation
B) Intestinal villous atrophy and destruction
C) Bladder stone formation
D) Kidney stone formation
E) A decreases in gastric acid production
B) Intestinal villous atrophy and destruction
This nutrient forms a gel inside the GI tract and helps to slow down digestion?
A) Soluble Fiber B) Fatty Acid C) Insoluble Fiber D) Lipid E) Glutamine
A) Soluble Fiber
This is a painful condition involving the inflammation of small pouch–like bulges in the large intestine.
A) IBS B) Crohn's Disease C) Diverticulosis D) Appendicitis E) Diverticulitis
E) Diverticulitis
Fermentation takes place due to the actions of these bacteria found in the colon.
A) Antigens B) Micronutrients C) Antibodies D) Immunoglobulins E) Microflora
E) Microflora
These nutrients are formed in the colon by the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.
A) Trans fats B) Glutamines C) Short chain fatty acids D) Resistant starches E) Lipids
C) Short chain fatty acids
This non–essential amino acid helps to maintain the lining of the digestive tract.
A) Butyrate B) Starch C) SCFA D) Fiber E) Glutamine
E) Glutamine
These sores that develop in the mucous membrane of the intestinal tract were once thought to be caused by stress.
A) Colitis B) Diverticula C) Intestinal lesions D) Ulcers E) Polyps
D) Ulcers
When acute stress hits, what happens to the digestive process?
A) It speeds up B) It reduces hormone production C) It is unaltered D) It shuts down E) It produces enzymes
D) It shuts down
This is a chronic condition that causes abdominal pain, cramps, bloating and alternating constipation and diarrhea, but no inflammation.
A) GERD B) Crohn's disease C) Irritable bowel syndrome D) Peptic ulcer E) Inflammatory bowel disease
C) Irritable bowel syndrome
This division of the autonomic nervous system controls digestive processes.
A) Extrinsic Nervous System B) None of these answers are correct C) Enteric Nervous System D) Peritoneal Nervous System E) Intestinal Nervous System
C) Enteric Nervous System
This chronic condition is characterized by wide spread inflammation of the digestive tract.
A) Dyspepsia B) HBV C) IBD D) IBS E) Diverticulosis
C) IBD
This can occur internally or externally and is the body’s natural reaction to something harmful or irritating.
A) Inflammation B) Edema C) Rosacea D) Infection E) Ulcer formation
A) Inflammation
These are highly reactive molecules that are missing an electron.
A) Colonocytes B) Free radicals C) Enzymes D) Oxidants E) Antioxidants
B) Free radicals
These are molecules that are able to calm down free radicals by donating electrons to them.
A) Antioxidants B) Reactants C) Lipids D) Oxidizing agents E) Macronutrients
A) Antioxidants
If free radical damage continues it can lead to this.
A) Oxidative stress B) ATP production C) Infection D) Anabolism E) Phagocytosis
A) Oxidative stress
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of this chronic condition characterized by wide spread inflammation of the digestive tract.
A) IBS B) Gastritis C) Pancreatitis D) IBD E) Oxidative stress
D) IBD
