Nutrition Related Physiology

Question 1

Amylase and Pepsin have what in common?

A) They both break large polysaccharides (carbohydrates) down into smaller polysaccharides
B) They are both found in gastric juice.
C) They are both digestive enzymes.
D) They are both found in saliva.
E) They both break proteins down into smaller peptides.

Answer 1

C) They are both digestive enzymes.

Question 2

Maximum hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen secretion in the stomach occurs when?

A) After food has already entered the stomach.
B) At about the same times every day when a person normally eats their meals.
C) When a person is anticipating a meal.
D) Just before food has entered the stomach.
E) At different times, maximum HCl secretion happens before maximum pepsinogen secretion.

Answer 2

A) After food has already entered the stomach.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?

A) All of these are functions of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice
B) Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.
C) Liquefy the contents of the stomach.
D) Activate pepsin by removing inhibitory amino acids.
E) Kill bacteria in food.
F)

Answer 3

B) Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.

Question 4

The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the

A) rugae
B) pyloric sphincter
C) stomach valve
D) lower esophageal sphincter
E) epithelial valve

Answer 4

B) pyloric sphincter

Question 5

An inactive precursor of an enzyme which requires a change to be activated is known as a

A) pepsin
B) amylase
C) zymogen
D) polysaccharide
E) pepsinogen

Answer 5

C) zymogen

Question 6

Where in the digestive tract does most of the digestion take place in humans?

A) the pancreas
B) the small intestine
C) the large intestine
D) the liver
E) the stomach

Answer 6

B) the small intestine

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Peptides are broken down into nucleic acids in the small intestine.
B) Bile salts coat lipids in the small intestine and keep them separated into tiny droplets so that they have lots of surface area that is accessible to digestive enzymes.
C) Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the small intestine.
D) Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides in the small intestine.
E) The pancreas is a major source of digestive enzymes for the small intestine.

Answer 7

A) Peptides are broken down into nucleic acids in the small intestine.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about bicarbonate?

A) It is secreted by the liver and breaks carbohydrates down into monosaccharides.
B) It is secreted by the liver and neutralizes stomach acid.
C) It is secreted by the pancreas and neutralizes stomach acid.
D) It is secreted by the liver and aids in the digestion of lipids.
E) It is secreted by the pancreas and aids in the digestion of lipids.

Answer 8

C) It is secreted by the pancreas and neutralizes stomach acid.

Question 9

Which of the following does not increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine?

A) peristalsis
B) all of these increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine
C) villi
D) microvilli
E) large folds of the intestinal wall

Answer 9

A) peristalsis

Question 10

The small intestine absorbs what?

A) polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water
B) monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water
C) monosaccharides, amino acids, water and lipids
D) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and water
E) proteins, monosaccharides, water, and fatty acids

Answer 10

B) monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and water

Question 11

Which of the following is most responsible for causing celiac disease?

A) Glucose
B) Glucagon
C) Glycogen
D) Glue
E) Gliadin

Answer 11

E) Gliadin

Question 12

SIBO may most likely result in:

A) Malabsorption
B) Intervertebral disk disease
C) Facial nerve paralysis
D) Heart disease
E) Kindey damage

Answer 12

A) Malabsorption

Question 13

The gallbladder:

A) Stores bile from the stomach
B) Secretes insulin
C) Stores bile made by the liver
D) Is not involved in the process of digestion
E) Collects bile from the pancreas

Answer 13

C) Stores bile made by the liver

Question 14

The pancreas:

A) Is a type of intestinal loop
B) Can malfunction, resulting in malabsorption
C) Is the same structure as the gallbladder
D) Only secretes insulin
E) Is not involved in the process of digestion

Answer 14

B) Can malfunction, resulting in malabsorption

Question 15

What is most likely going to happen in celiac sprue?

A) Gallstone formation
B) Intestinal villous atrophy and destruction
C) Bladder stone formation
D) Kidney stone formation
E) A decreases in gastric acid production

Answer 15

B) Intestinal villous atrophy and destruction

Question 16

This nutrient forms a gel inside the GI tract and helps to slow down digestion?

A) Soluble Fiber
B) Fatty Acid
C) Insoluble Fiber
D) Lipid
E) Glutamine

Answer 16

A) Soluble Fiber

Question 17

This is a painful condition involving the inflammation of small pouch–like bulges in the large intestine.

A) IBS
B) Crohn's Disease
C) Diverticulosis
D) Appendicitis
E) Diverticulitis

Answer 17

E) Diverticulitis

Question 18

Fermentation takes place due to the actions of these bacteria found in the colon.

A) Antigens
B) Micronutrients
C) Antibodies
D) Immunoglobulins
E) Microflora

Answer 18

E) Microflora

Question 19

These nutrients are formed in the colon by the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.

A) Trans fats
B) Glutamines
C) Short chain fatty acids
D) Resistant starches
E) Lipids

Answer 19

C) Short chain fatty acids

Question 20

This non–essential amino acid helps to maintain the lining of the digestive tract.

A) Butyrate
B) Starch
C) SCFA
D) Fiber
E) Glutamine

Answer 20

E) Glutamine

Question 21

These sores that develop in the mucous membrane of the intestinal tract were once thought to be caused by stress.

A) Colitis
B) Diverticula
C) Intestinal lesions
D) Ulcers
E) Polyps

Answer 21

D) Ulcers

Question 22

When acute stress hits, what happens to the digestive process?

A) It speeds up
B) It reduces hormone production
C) It is unaltered
D) It shuts down
E) It produces enzymes

Answer 22

D) It shuts down

Question 23

This is a chronic condition that causes abdominal pain, cramps, bloating and alternating constipation and diarrhea, but no inflammation.

A) GERD
B) Crohn's disease
C) Irritable bowel syndrome
D) Peptic ulcer
E) Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 23

C) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 24

This division of the autonomic nervous system controls digestive processes.

A) Extrinsic Nervous System
B) None of these answers are correct
C) Enteric Nervous System
D) Peritoneal Nervous System
E) Intestinal Nervous System

Answer 24

C) Enteric Nervous System

Question 25

This chronic condition is characterized by wide spread inflammation of the digestive tract.

A) Dyspepsia
B) HBV
C) IBD
D) IBS
E) Diverticulosis

Answer 25

C) IBD

Question 26

This can occur internally or externally and is the body’s natural reaction to something harmful or irritating.

A) Inflammation
B) Edema
C) Rosacea
D) Infection
E) Ulcer formation

Answer 26

A) Inflammation

Question 27

These are highly reactive molecules that are missing an electron.

A) Colonocytes
B) Free radicals
C) Enzymes
D) Oxidants
E) Antioxidants

Answer 27

B) Free radicals

Question 28

These are molecules that are able to calm down free radicals by donating electrons to them.

A) Antioxidants
B) Reactants
C) Lipids
D) Oxidizing agents
E) Macronutrients

Answer 28

A) Antioxidants

Question 29

If free radical damage continues it can lead to this.

A) Oxidative stress
B) ATP production
C) Infection
D) Anabolism
E) Phagocytosis

Answer 29

A) Oxidative stress

Question 30

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of this chronic condition characterized by wide spread inflammation of the digestive tract.

A) IBS
B) Gastritis
C) Pancreatitis
D) IBD
E) Oxidative stress

Answer 30

D) IBD