Vitamin K

Question 1

three souces of vitamin K

Answer 1

phylloquinone (K1)
menaquinone (K2)
menadione (K3)

Question 2

Phylloquinone (K1) is synthesized from

Answer 2

plants

Question 3

menaquinone (K2) is synthesized from

Answer 3

animal sources

Question 4

menadione (K3) is synthesized from

Answer 4

synthetic

Question 5

vitamin k is destroyed by

Answer 5

light and heat

Question 6

Vitamin K is ______ and requires bile for micelle formation

Answer 6

fat soluble

Question 7

absorption of vitmain K is enhanced by the presence of

Answer 7

fat
bile salts
pancreatic juices

Question 8

phylloquinone (K1) is absorbe in the

Answer 8

small intestine (jejun)

Question 9

menaquinons are synthesized by bacteria in the_____ and absorbed by_____

Answer 9

lower digestive tract

passive diffusion

Question 10

phylloquinone or menaquinone is absorbed better

Answer 10

menaquinone

Question 11

vitamin k is incorporated into____ for transport across tissues

Answer 11

chylomicron

Question 12

once vitamin k is incorporated into chylomicron, its is delivered to:

Answer 12

liver

Question 13

Vitamin K can be incorporated into ____ for transport to extra hepatic tissue

Answer 13

VLDL

Question 14

vitamin k is primarily stored in the

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

the primary function of vitamin k is to :

Answer 15

serve as the cofactor for a carboxylase enzyme that catalyzes the g-carboxylation of glutamic acid (Glu) residues on specific proteins

Question 16

the conversion of Glu residues to g-carboxyglutamate activates these proteins by creating what

Answer 16

calcium binding sites

Question 17

g-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues is required for the activation of 7 proteins that regulate what

Answer 17

coagulation of blood in the clotting cascade

Question 18

what are the four clotting factors

Answer 18

II
VII
IX
X

Question 19

what are the three anticoagulant proteins

Answer 19

C
S
Z

Question 20

three vitamin k depends proteins have been identified where

Answer 20

bone
cartilage
dentine

Question 21

metabolites of vitamin k are excreted

Answer 21

primarily in the feces via bile

Question 22

vitamin k deficiency results in

Answer 22

impaired blood clottin

Question 23

symptoms of impaired blood clotting

Answer 23

easy bruise, bleeding gums, hematuria, blood in stool, nosebleeds

Question 24

vitamin k deficiency is uncommon in adults for what three reasons

Answer 24

vitamin k is widespread in food
the vitamin k cycle conserves vitamin k
bacteria that normal inhabit the LI synthesize menaquinones (K2)

Question 25

greatest risk for deficiency in adults

Answer 25

liver disease
fat malabsorptive disorders
chronic antibiotic use

Question 26

why is the risk of deficiency worse in newborns

Answer 26

• vitamin k is no easily transported across placental border
• newborns intestines are not yet colonized with bacteria that synthesize menaquinones
• vitamin k cycle is not fully working
• breast milk has poor vitamin k content

Question 27

vitamin k in infants may result in

Answer 27

vitamin k deficiency bleeding - life threatening

Question 28

how is VKDB treated at birth

Answer 28

vitamin k shot

Question 29

clinical indication of vitamin k supplementation

Answer 29

osteoporosis

atherosclerosis

Question 30

which two are not associated with toxicity
phylloquinone
menaquinone
menadione

Answer 30

phylloquinone

menaquinone

Question 31

menadioine may cause

Answer 31

liver toxcity and hemolytic anemia

Question 32

vitamin k supplementation should have caution with patients on what drug

Answer 32

warfarin (coumadin)

Question 33

why should there be caution on patients taking coumadin

Answer 33

coumadin prevents the recycling of vitamin k by inhibiting two important reactions and creating a functional deficiency

Question 34

increasing vitamin k intake _____ action of coumadin

Answer 34

inhibits

Question 35

increasing intake of coumadin _____ action of vitamin k

Answer 35

inhibits

Question 36

Vitamin _ toxicity has been associated with inhibition of vitamin k absorption

Answer 36

vitamin A

Question 37

two metabolites of Vitamin _ have anti- vitamin k activity

Answer 37

vitamin E