Potassium Flashcards
____ is the primary intracellular cation
potassium
the richest dietary source of K is
fruits and veggies
potassium absorption occurs in
SI and LI
potassium absorption occurs through what mechanism
passive diffusion
active transport via K+/H+ ATPase pump
high intracellular potassium concentrations are maintained by
Na+/K+ ATPase pumps
Na+/K+ ATPase pumps pump how may sodium ions out, and how many potassium ions in
3 Na out
2 K in
functions of potassium
maintenance of membrane potential
intracellular fluid balance
Potassium is the principle _______ cation
intracellular
Sodium is the principle _______ cation
extracellular
the membrane potential is created by
the different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell
the membrane potential is maintained by
Na+/K+ ATPase pumps
tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for
nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
heart function
a substance that dissociated into ions in solution, making it capable of conducting electricity
electolyte
potassium is primarily excreted by the
kidneys
potassium excretion through the kidneys is controlled by
aldosterone
insufficient dietary potassium increased the risk of developing_____
hypertension and kidney stones
those with an increased risk of hypokalemia
profound fluid loss (v/d)
use of certain medications (loop/thiazide diuretics)
Mg depletion
the Sx of hypokalemia are related to alteration in membrane potential and cellular metabolism and they include:
fatigue
mm weakness, cramps
severe = muscular paralysis and cardiac arrhythmias
clinical indications for supplementation of potassium
hypertension
higher dietary potassium intakes have _____ blood pressures
lower
Potassium toxicity can occur in cases of
renal insufficiency (end stage renal dz) hypoaldosteronism medications that cause potassium retention (ie ACE inhibitor) shift of intracellular potassium into the circulation which my occur with the rupture of RBCs or tissue damage
symptoms of hyperkalemia include
peripheral neuropathy
mm weakness
temporary paralysis
potassium intake decreases the excretion of
calcium
____ is a cofactor for tha Na+/K+ ATPase pump needed for the uptake of potassium from the extracellular fluid into cells
Mg
high potassium intake increases ____ excretion and also prevent agains the hypertensive effects of it.
sodium
