Potassium

Question 1

____ is the primary intracellular cation

Answer 1

potassium

Question 2

the richest dietary source of K is

Answer 2

fruits and veggies

Question 3

potassium absorption occurs in

Answer 3

SI and LI

Question 4

potassium absorption occurs through what mechanism

Answer 4

passive diffusion

active transport via K+/H+ ATPase pump

Question 5

high intracellular potassium concentrations are maintained by

Answer 5

Na+/K+ ATPase pumps

Question 6

Na+/K+ ATPase pumps pump how may sodium ions out, and how many potassium ions in

Answer 6

3 Na out

2 K in

Question 7

functions of potassium

Answer 7

maintenance of membrane potential

intracellular fluid balance

Question 8

Potassium is the principle _______ cation

Answer 8

intracellular

Question 9

Sodium is the principle _______ cation

Answer 9

extracellular

Question 10

the membrane potential is created by

Answer 10

the different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell

Question 11

the membrane potential is maintained by

Answer 11

Na+/K+ ATPase pumps

Question 12

tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for

Answer 12

nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
heart function

Question 13

a substance that dissociated into ions in solution, making it capable of conducting electricity

Answer 13

electolyte

Question 14

potassium is primarily excreted by the

Answer 14

kidneys

Question 15

potassium excretion through the kidneys is controlled by

Answer 15

aldosterone

Question 16

insufficient dietary potassium increased the risk of developing_____

Answer 16

hypertension and kidney stones

Question 17

those with an increased risk of hypokalemia

Answer 17

profound fluid loss (v/d)
use of certain medications (loop/thiazide diuretics)
Mg depletion

Question 18

the Sx of hypokalemia are related to alteration in membrane potential and cellular metabolism and they include:

Answer 18

fatigue
mm weakness, cramps

severe = muscular paralysis and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 19

clinical indications for supplementation of potassium

Answer 19

hypertension

Question 20

higher dietary potassium intakes have _____ blood pressures

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

Potassium toxicity can occur in cases of

Answer 21

renal insufficiency (end stage renal dz)
hypoaldosteronism
medications that cause potassium retention (ie ACE inhibitor)
shift of intracellular potassium into the circulation which my occur with the rupture of RBCs or tissue damage

Question 22

symptoms of hyperkalemia include

Answer 22

peripheral neuropathy
mm weakness
temporary paralysis

Question 23

potassium intake decreases the excretion of

Answer 23

calcium

Question 24

____ is a cofactor for tha Na+/K+ ATPase pump needed for the uptake of potassium from the extracellular fluid into cells

Answer 24

Mg

Question 25

high potassium intake increases ____ excretion and also prevent agains the hypertensive effects of it.

Answer 25

sodium