Carotenoids

Question 1

Examples of Provitamin A carotenoids:

Answer 1

a-carotene

B-carotene

g-carotene

B-cryptoxanthin

Question 2

examples of Non provitaminA carotenoids

Answer 2

lycopene

lutein

zeanthin

astraxanthin

Question 3

B-carotene characteristics

Answer 3

red-orang pigment

lipid soluble

can be converted to Vitamin A

Question 4

sources of B-carotene

Answer 4

orange and yellow bright f and v

green leafy V

Question 5

Lycopene characteristics

Answer 5

red pigment

lipid soluble

no vitamin A activity

Question 6

Sources of lycopene

Answer 6

tomatoes!! watermelon grapefruit papaya guava apricot

Question 7

lutein and zeaxanthin characteristics

Answer 7

yellow pigment

lipid soluble

no vitamin A activity

Question 8

sources of lutein

Answer 8

green veggies - broccoli kiwi corn eggs

Question 9

sources of zeaxanthin

Answer 9

peppers (yellow and orange) corn potato eggs

Question 10

bioavailability of carotenoids

Answer 10

cooked and heated processed foods have increased absorption of carotenoids

Question 11

what must happen in order for dietary carotenoids to be absorbed intestinally?

Answer 11

they must be released from the food matrix and incorporated into micelles

Question 12

carotenoids absorption requires the presence of ___ in a meal

Answer 12

FAT

Question 13

where and how are carotenoids absorbed

Answer 13

duod and jejun -

low [] = carotenoid transporters

high [] = passive diffusion

Question 14

B-carotene can be metabolized in the enterocyte to form _____

Answer 14

retinol

Question 15

the process of b-carotene metabolism into retinol depends on what

Answer 15

the amount and form of carotenoids consumed and the vitamin A status

Question 16

carotenoids are transported in ______ to what___

Answer 16

chylomicrons to extra hepatic tissue - (remaining is brought to LV for storage)

Question 17

carotenoids can be packaged for further transport as part of ____

Answer 17

VLDL or other lipoproteins - then taken back to extra hepatic tissue

Question 18

where is B- carotene primarily stored

Answer 18

Liver and adipose tissue

Question 19

where are lutein and zeaxanthin primarily stored

Answer 19

in the macular region of the retina ( because they both freely cross the BBB)

Question 20

what is the only essental function of B-caroten

Answer 20

source of vitamin A

Question 21

what other function do B-carotene and other carotenoids have

Answer 21

antioxidant

Question 22

in light filtering, carotenoids allow what

Answer 22

absorption of light in the visible range of spectrum

Question 23

what color light do lutein and zeaxanthin primarily absorb

Answer 23

blue

Question 24

carotenoids are metabolized to a variety of compounds and excreted into ___

Answer 24

bile

Question 25

vitamin A deficiency may occur in people whose diet is low in both ___ + ___

Answer 25

vitamin A and B-carotene

Question 26

there is an increased risk of what type of cancer in vitamin A deficiency

Answer 26

prostate

Question 27

there is an increase risk of age-related macular degeneration with vitamin A (deficiency or toxicity)

Answer 27

deficiency

Question 28

synthetic B-carotene is in what form

Answer 28

all-trans B carotene

Question 29

natural B carotene is derived from what

Answer 29

algae

Question 30

natural lycopene is available from what

Answer 30

tomato

Question 31

do carotenoids or vitamin A have less toxicity

Answer 31

carotenoids

Question 32

hypercarotenosis and carotenodermia is what?

Answer 32

yellow-orange discoloration of the skin due to carotenoid toxcity

Question 33

______ supplementation has been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers and should be avoided in current smokers

Answer 33

B-carotene

Question 34

are carotenoids OK in pregnancy

Answer 34

yes- but it is still a good idea to avoid them and high doses alltogether