Vitamin E

Question 1

Vitamin E is in how many vitamers

Answer 1

8

Question 2

what are the 8 vitamers of vitamin E

Answer 2

4 tocopherol w SATURATED side chains

4 tocotrioenols with UNSATURATED side chains

Question 3

what carbon is the hydroxyl group of the vitamers attached to

Answer 3

C6

Question 4

_____ has the highest biological activity of all the vitamers

Answer 4

alpha tocopherol

Question 5

_______ is the only form of vitamin E recognized as being able to meed the human requirements

Answer 5

alpha tocopherol

Question 6

the biologically active form and the only form found naturally in humans

Answer 6

NATURAL alpha tocopherol (RRR a-tocopherol)

Question 7

mixture of 8 sterioisomers, which half are not biologically active

Answer 7

synthetic alpha tocopherol

Question 8

sources of vitamin e

Answer 8

plant oils
nuts
grains
green veggies

Question 9

stability of vitamin E

Answer 9

oxidized with lengthy exposure to oxygen light or heat

Question 10

tocopherols are found free in foods but ______ ester forms from supplements require hydrolyzation before absorption

Answer 10

synthetic

Question 11

______ are found esterified in foods and therefore also require hydrolyzation

Answer 11

tocotrienols

Question 12

all forms of vitamin e are ______ and require ____ for micelle formation

Answer 12

fat soluble, bile

Question 13

vitamin E is absorbed primarily in? and how?

Answer 13

jejun by passive diffusion

Question 14

once inside the enterocyte, tocopherols and tocotrienols are incorporated into _____ for ransport

Answer 14

chylomicrons

Question 15

during transport, tocopherons and tocotrienols are transferred among-____

Answer 15

lipoproteins

Question 16

where do we find the highets amounts of vitamin e in circulation

Answer 16

lipoproteins

Question 17

chylomicrons bring the remaining vitamin E to the?

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

the liver incorporates ____ in VLDLs for recirculation into blood and extraheptic tissus

Answer 18

RRR-alpha-tocopherol

Question 19

vitamin e is primarily stored

Answer 19

adipose tissue

Question 20

functions of vitamin e

Answer 20

antioxidant - fat cells from free radicals

platelet aggregation inhibition ( anti vitamin K activity)

Question 21

the major route of excretion is through

Answer 21

the feces via bile

Question 22

consumtion of large amounts of ______ increased requirements of vitamin E

Answer 22

PUFAs

Question 23

those who smoke have an _____ vitamin E requirement

Answer 23

increased

Question 24

vitamin e deficiency is rare but is seen in

Answer 24

people with fat malabsorption issues (cystic fibrosis, choestatic lv dz)

Question 25

clinical indications for vitamin E supplementation

Answer 25

heart disease - lowers risk of coronary heart disease

Question 26

alpha tocopherol decreases oxidation of ___ by free radicals

Answer 26

LDL

Question 27

g-tocopherol inhibits

Answer 27

platelet aggregation

Question 28

alphatocopherol and g tocopherol prevent

Answer 28

development of atherosclerotic lesions and lower the risk of coronary heart dz

Question 29

signs of vitamin e toxicity

Answer 29

impaired blood coagulation
n/d flatulence
mm weakness fatigue
double vision

Question 30

Vitamin E functions together with ______ as part of antioxidant defense system recycling each others redox activity

Answer 30

vitamin c

Question 31

two metabolites of vitamin E have anti _____ activity

Answer 31

vitamin k