Vitamin Deficiencies Flashcards
Fat soluble vitamins
A (retinol), D (cholecalciferol), E, K
Presentation of vitamin A deficiency
Xerophthalmia
Night blindness
Keratomalacia
follicular Hyperkeratosis
Dietary sources of vitamin A
Oily fish
Liver
Dairy products (provitamin A carotenoids – carrots, dark green, leafy vegetables, corn, tomatoes)
Presentation of vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Dietary sources of vitamin D
Oily fish Fortified breakfast cereal Margarine Eggs Milk
Presentation of vitamin K deficiency
Coagulation defects
Dietary sources of vitamin K
Green leafy vegetables
Liver
Cheese
Certain fruits (kiwi fruit, rhubarb)
Presentation of vitamin E deficiency
Neurological disorders e.g. ataxia
Dietary sources of vitamin E
Plant oils (soya, palm oil) Animal fats Nuts Seeds Vegetables Wheatgerm
Water-soluble vitamins
B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6, B12, folate, C, (ascorbic acid)
Presentation of vitamin B1 deficiency
Beriberi
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
Dietary sources of vitamin B1
Wide range of animal and vegetable products
Fortified cereals, flour and bread, unrefined cereals, grain, nuts, legumes, organ meats
Presentation of vitamin B2 deficiency
Angular stomatitis
Dietary sources of vitamin B2
Dairy products (major source) Cereals grains Meat Fish Broccoli Spinach
Presentation of vitamin B3 deficiency
Pellagra (diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia)
Dietary sources of vitamin B3
Meat
Cereals
Presentation of vitamin B6 deficiency
Polyneuropathy
Dietary sources of vitamin B6
Meat
Cereals
Presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic anaemia Neurological disorders
Dietary sources of vitamin B12
Meat
Fortified breakfast cereals
Eggs
Presentation of folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anaemia
Dietary sources of folate
Widely distributed in animal (especially liver) and plant foods (e.g. vegetables)
Presentation of vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
Dietary sources of vitamin C
Fresh vegetables
Citrus fruits Strawberries
Spinach
Tomatoes
