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Erin Y2 - Dermatology > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Impetigo causative organism

A 
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes (GAS)
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2
Q

Presentation of impetigo

A

Golder crusting
Inflamed plaques
Around nose and mouth
Children

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3
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A 
Topical antibiotics: Fusidic acid (1st), mupirocin (MRSA)
Oral antibiotics (if severe): Flucloxacillin (1st), clarithromycin
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4
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

What is impetigo and how does it spread?

A

Superficial bacterial infection of the skin

Spread: direct contact, very contagious

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6
Q

What is eyrsipelas?

A

Superficial form of cellulitis caused by infection with group A strep/strep pyogenes

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7
Q

Cellulitis causative organism

A

Staph aureus

Beta-haemolytic strep: (GAS/GBS)

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8
Q

Presentation of cellulitis

A

Generalised swelling, pain, erythema

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9
Q

Treatment of cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin (or doxycycline if penicillin allergic)

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10
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Rapidly progressive infection of the deep fascia causing necrosis of subcutaneous tissue

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11
Q

Presentation of necrotising fasciitis

A

Disproportional pain to visible symptoms (similar to cellulitis)
Feels like bubble wrap

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12
Q

Investigation of necrotising fasciitis

A

Blood culture, deep tissue biopsy and Gram stain to identify causative organism

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13
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A 
Radical debridement +/- amputation
IV antibiotics (flucloxacillin + clindamycin + gentamicin)
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14
Q

Lyme disease causative organism and vector

A

Borreli burgdoferi

Ticks

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15
Q

Lyme disease presentation

A

Erythema migrans (bullseye lesion)

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16
Q

Complications of Lyme disease

A

Heart block
Nerve palsies
Arthritis

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17
Q

Treatment of Lyme disease

A

Amoxicillin or doxycycline

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18
Q

Chickenpox spread

A

Air droplets

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19
Q

Chickenpox and shingles causative organism

A

Varicella zoster virus

reactivation in shingles

20
Q

Chickenpox presentation

A

Fever
Itch
Macules –> papules –> vesicles –> scabs
Centripetal (rash is concentrated at the centre of the body)

21
Q

Complications of chickenpox

A

Secondary bacterial infection
Pneumonitis
Haemorrhagic rash
Encephalitis

22
Q

Treatment of chickenpox

A

Goes away itself (week)

Don’t take ibuprofen as it can cause skin infections

23
Q

Presentation of shingles

A

Tingling/pain –> erythema –> vesicles –> crusts

Rash restricted to one dermatome

24
Q

Complications of shingles

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia

25
Q

Treatment of shingles

A

No definitive treatment
Aciclovir can aid recovery
Vaccine for chickenpox can be used in high titre preparations in elderly patients to reduce the impact of shingles

26
Q

Other names of erythema infectiosum

A

Fifth disease

Slapped cheek

27
Q

Erythema infectiosum causative organism

A

Parvovirus B19

28
Q

Presentation of erythema infectiosum

A

Red cheeks with palpable raised edge (slapped cheek)

29
Q

Complications of erythema infectiosum

A

Arthritis and joint pain
Aplastic crisis
Spontaneous abortion

30
Q

Hand, foot and mouth disease causative organism

A

Enteroviruses: e.g. coxsackie virus

31
Q

Presentation of hand, foot and mouth disease

A 
Sore throat
Fever
Not wanting to eat
Mouth ulcers
Red spots that become blisters on the hands and feet
32
Q

Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Viral meningitis

Encephalitis

33
Q

HSV-1 causes…

A

Infections above the waist (generally)
Causes half of genital herpes
Main cause of oral lesions
Primary gingivostomatitis

34
Q

HSV-2 causes…

A

Infections below the waist (generally)

Causes half of genital herpes

35
Q

Investigations for herpes

A

Swab of lesion in virus transport medium:
PCR for detection or viral DNA
Antibody tests:
Where virus infected site is inaccessible

36
Q

What animal can you get orf from?

A

Sheep infected with parapoxvirus

37
Q

Presentation of orf

A

Firm, fleshy nodules on hands

38
Q

Treatment of candida infection

A

Antifungals: clotrimazole (topical), nystatin (topical), fluconazole (oral)

39
Q

Candida

A

Fungal infection in skin folds where area is warm and moist

40
Q

Tinea (ringworm)

A

Fungal infection of the skin, scalp or nail

41
Q

Investigations for tinea

A

Skin scrapings, nail clippings, hair: for microscopy + culture and fluorescence under Woods light

42
Q

Treatment of tinea

A

Small areas: clotrimazole (topical), terbinafine (topical), amorolfine (topical nail paint)
Widespread infection: terbinafine (oral, when nails are affected too), itraconazole (last resort drug, has many interactions)

43
Q

Presentation of lice (pediculosis)

A

Intense itch

44
Q

Treatment of lice (pediculosis)

A

Malathion

45
Q

Scabies causative organism

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

46
Q

Presentation of scabies

A

Intense itch (particularly at night)
Areas: finger webs, wrists, genitals
Burrows can also be seen

47
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Permethrin lotion (1st line)
Malathion
Benzyl benzoate (not in children)
Anti-pruritic

Erin Y2 - Dermatology (18 decks)

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