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Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. > Vitamin Deficiencies > Flashcards

Vitamin Deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, and K

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2
Q

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

A

B and C

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3
Q

Vitamin A. What are its signs of deficiency?

A

Retinol = teratogenic
Deficiency = ocular effects; dry eyes and risk of infection.

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4
Q

Vitamin A. What are its benefits?

A

Night vision, immune system, healthy skin

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5
Q

Vitamin A. What are their sources?

A

Liver pates, fish liver oil, raw eggs.

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6
Q

Vitamin C. What are its signs of deficiency?

A

Scurvy, gingival bleeding and petechiae (round spots from bleeding)

ASCORBIC ACID = good in the absorption of iron. Claimed to help improve the common cold.

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7
Q

Vitamin C. What are its benefits?

A

Protects cells, wound healing, collagen formation.

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8
Q

Vitamin C. What are their sources?

A

Oranges, pepper,s tomatoes, blackcurrents

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9
Q

Vitamin D. What are the signs of deficiency?

A

Rickets and osteomalacia.

CALCIFEROL.
D2 = Ergocalciferol
D3 = Cholecalciferol

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10
Q

Vitamin D. Which types of vit D do you give in severe renal impairment?

A

Give hydroxylated versions of vit D = Alfacalcidol, calcitriol

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11
Q

Vitamin D. What are its benefits?

A

Benefits = Vit D is needed for dietary absorption of Ca. Maintain Ca and PO4 levels. Healthy bones and teeth

If N/V happens, check plasma Ca concentration

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12
Q

Vitamin E. What’s their job?

A

TOCOPHEROL.
Inhibits platelet aggregation.
Increased risk of bleeding w Warfarin

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13
Q

Vitamin E. What are its benefits?

A

Powerful antioxidant which protects free radicals, healthy skin and eyes

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14
Q

Vitamin E. What are their sources?

A

Plant oils, e.g. olive oil, nuts and seeds; wheat germ

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15
Q

Vitamin K. What are the 2 types of vitamin K?

A

PHYTOMENADIONE = blood clotting

Lipid soluble = phytomenadione
Water-soluble used in liver impairment = menadiol

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16
Q

Vitamin K. What’s the purpose of this vitamin?

A

Given to all newborn babies vitamin K to prevent neonatal haemorrhage.
Don’t give Vit K with warfarin as it has an antagonising effect

17
Q

Vitamin K. What are their sources?

A

Green, leafy vegtables.

18
Q

Vitamin B1. What’s it used for?

A

THIAMINE
Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Anaphylaxis with Vitamin B1 injections

19
Q

Vitamin B1 - what are its benefits?

A

B vitamins release energy from food. Healthy CNS

20
Q

Vitamin B1. What are its sources?

A

Fortified cereals. Wholegrain.

21
Q

Vitamin B2. What are its benefits?

A

RIBOFLAVIN
Healthy skin, nerves and eyes

22
Q

Vitamin B2. What are its sources?

A

Milk, eggs, fortified cereals, rice.

23
Q

Vitamin B3. What is it available as?

A

NIACIN
Nicotinamide (preferred)
Nicotinic acid (vasodilation SE)

24
Q

Vitamin B3. What are its benefits?

A

Healthy skin and eyes

25
Q

Vitamin B3. What are its sources?

A

Eggs, milk, fish, meat, wheat flour

26
Q

Vitamin B6. What is it used for?

A

PYRIDOXINE
Prevents peripheral neuropathy.
Given with isoniazid/penicillamine.
Risk of sensory neuropathy with prolonged use of high doses > 200mg.
Treats premenstrual syndrome.

27
Q

Vitamin B6. What are its benefits?

A

Helps make several neurotransmitters.
Hb

28
Q

Vitamin B6. What are its sources?

A

Fortified cereals, chicken, veggies

29
Q

Vitamin B7. What is it used for?

A

BIOTIN.
Strengthens hair and nails

30
Q

Vitamin B7. What are its benefits?

A

Essential for fat metabolism

31
Q

Vitamin B7. What are its sources?

A

Range of foods => vegetables, whole cereals.

32
Q

Vitamin B12. What is it used for?

A

COBALAMIN / HYDROXOCOBALAMIN

It treats megaloblastic anaemia. B12 deficiency is common in vegans.

33
Q

B12. What are its benefits?

A

Healthy NS, makes RBC, processing folic acid

34
Q

B12. What are its sources?

A

Meat, salmon, fortified cereals.

35
Q

What do you use to treat neural tube defects?

FOLIC ACID = VIT B9

A

Folic acid 400mcg OD, before conception and until week 12 of pregnancy.
This helps reduce the risk of spina bifida in pregnant women

36
Q

Regarding neural tube defects, what would you give to women in high-risk groups?

FOLIC ACID = VIT B9

A

Folic acid 5mg OD, before conception and until week 12 of pregnancy.

Risk groups:
- AED
- DM
- a previous infant with neural tube defects
- sickle cell disease => this is given throughout the whole pregnancy

37
Q

VIT B5

A

PANTOTHENIC ACID

Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. (28 decks)

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