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Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. > Abx: Cheat Flashcards! > Flashcards

Abx: Cheat Flashcards!

1
Q

Which drugs require no renal adustments?

A
  • Clarithromycin, erythromycin
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Rifampicin
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2
Q

Which drugs are most likely to cause C.difficile?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Co-amoxiclav
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3
Q

Which antibiotics can prolong the QT interval?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Quinolones
  • Others: amiodarone, amitriptyline, SSRIs, Antipsychotics, quinine, ondansetron
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4
Q

Which antibiotics have a seizure potential with them?

A

When administered in high doses or used in pts with epilepsy, renal impairment or brain lesions:

  • beta-lactams - esp unsubstituted penicillins
  • 4th Gen cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems - mainly imipenem
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5
Q

Which antibiotics have a MRSA coverage?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Co-trimoazole
  • Linezolid
  • Tetracycline
  • Rifampicin and fusidic acid - neither should be used alone for an MRSA infection due to risk of resistance developing
  • glycopeptide
  • daptomycin
  • trimethoprim
  • nitrofurantoin
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6
Q

Which antibiotics are solely gram-positive coverage?

A
  • Glycopeptides
  • Linezolide
  • Teicoplanin
  • Daptomycin
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7
Q

Which antibiotics are soley gram-negative coverage?

A
  • ceftazidimine

- aminoglycosides

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8
Q

Which antibiotics are active against pseudomonas spp?

A
  • ceftazidime - 3rd gen cephalosporin
  • carbapenems - only imipenem and meropenem
  • aminoglycosides - gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin
  • ciprofloxacin
  • tazobactam
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9
Q

Which antibiotics are active against anaerobes?

A
  • metronidazole
  • vancomycin PO
  • carbapenems - imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
  • clindamycin
  • co-amoxiclav
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10
Q

Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?

A
  • clindamycin
  • cephalosporins
  • penicillin
  • erythromycin
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11
Q

Which antibiotics aren’t safe in pregnancy?

A
  • chloramphenicol - 3rd trimester can cause “grey-baby syndrome”
  • nitrofurantoin - avoid at term
  • quinolones - athropathy risk
  • tetracyclines - impairs skeletal and bone development
  • clarithromycin - avoid esp in first trimester
  • trimethoprim - avoid during 1st trimester
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12
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly nephrotoxic?

A
  • aminoglycosides

- glycopeptides

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13
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly ototoxic?

A
  • aminoglycosides - risk of irreversible ototoxicity - can’t use with loop diuretics
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14
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly hepatic toxic?

A
  • fluclox - jaundice can occur within 2 months of stopping. This is increased if given with methotrexate
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15
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly ocular toxic?

A
  • ethambutol - check eyes before and after treatment

- linezolid - risk of eye damage increased if used for more than 28 days

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16
Q

Which antibiotics can increase the risk of toxic mega colon?

A
  • co-amoxiclav - least likely drug to be used in infections like C.diff
17
Q

Which antibiotics can cause tinnitus?

A
  • vancomycin - avoid use in those who are deaf. Loop diuretics can cause this too!
18
Q

Which antibiotic can cause red man syndrome?

A
  • vancomycin - occurs when an IV solution is infused rapidly. This happens due to the overstimulation of muscle cells causing release of histamine
19
Q

Which antibiotics can cause a black furry tongue?

A
  • amoxicillin - rare SE
20
Q

Which antibiotics must you discontinue if intracranial HTN occurs?

A
  • Tetracyclines - risk is increased if they’re given with isotretinoin
21
Q

Which antibiotics must be discontinued if diarrhoea occurs?

A
  • Clindamycin - carries the greatest risk of C.difficile
22
Q

Which antibiotics are the most at risk of tendon damage and arthropathy?

A
  • quinolones - arthropathy - joint inflammation, this is the reason they are not recommended in adolescents or children, arthropathy risk is greatest in them.
23
Q

Key abx interactions: Trimethoprim & warfarin?

A

Trimethoprim increases warfarins anticoagulation effect

24
Q

Key abx interactions: Alcohol and metronidazole/tinidazole

A

Avoid alcohol during and 48h after antibiotic course ends

25
Q

Key abx interactions: Macrolides & simvastatin

A

omit statin during macrolide therapy and resume afterwards

26
Q

Key abx interactions: Tetracycline & isotretinoin

A
  • increases risk of intracranial HTN
27
Q

Key abx interactions: quinolones and NSAIDS

A

increase risk of seizures

28
Q

Key abx interactions: Macrolides & (Li, citalopram, antipsychotics)

A

Increase risk of QT prolongation

29
Q

Key abx interactions: rivaroxaban and erythromycin

A

Increased risk of bleeding

30
Q

Key abx interactions: methotrexate & fluclox

A

increased risk of hepatotoxicity

31
Q

Which antibiotics do you need to take on an empty stomach?

A
  • tetracyclines
  • sulfonamides
  • ciprofloxacin
  • azithromycin capsules
  • penicillins - except amoxicillin that can be taken AFTER or BEFORE food and pivmecilinam TAKEN W FOOD
32
Q

Which antibiotics do you take with or after meals?

A
  • nitrofurantoin
  • metronidazole
  • erythromycin
  • clarithromycin MR tabs
  • trimethoprim
  • itraconazole
  • griseofulvin
33
Q

Which antibiotics do you take with a full glass of water?

A
  • clindamycin
  • metronidazole
  • doxycycline
34
Q

Which tetracyclines do you take with milk?

A
  • doxycycline
  • lymecycline
  • minocycline

Does Like Milk

35
Q

MHRA alert: QUINOLONE

A
  1. Tendon damage - more likely if taking corticosteroids or > 60 years
  2. Arthropathy risk in children and adolescents thus avoid in this age group
  3. Disabling and potentially long-lasting.irreversible SEs
  4. Aortic aneruysm and dissection

If sudden onset of back pain or severe abdominal chest pain - seek MDA

36
Q

MHRA alert: Erythromycin

A
  1. Pts with QT prolongation history - AVOID
  2. Avoid rivaroxaban and erythromycin - INCREASED BLEEDING RISK
  3. known risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esp first 14 days post birth
37
Q

MHRA alert: Aminoglycosides

A
  1. Risk of histamine-related adverse drug reactions with some batches
38
Q

Which antibiotics cause urine discolouration?

A
  • metronidazole - dark brown or black urine

- nitrofurantoin

Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. (28 decks)

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