Abx: Cheat Flashcards!
Which drugs require no renal adustments?
- Clarithromycin, erythromycin
- Clindamycin
- Doxycycline
- Ceftriaxone
- Moxifloxacin
- Rifampicin
Which drugs are most likely to cause C.difficile?
- Clindamycin
- Cephalosporins
- Ciprofloxacin
- Co-amoxiclav
Which antibiotics can prolong the QT interval?
- Macrolides
- Quinolones
- Others: amiodarone, amitriptyline, SSRIs, Antipsychotics, quinine, ondansetron
Which antibiotics have a seizure potential with them?
When administered in high doses or used in pts with epilepsy, renal impairment or brain lesions:
- beta-lactams - esp unsubstituted penicillins
- 4th Gen cephalosporins
- Carbapenems - mainly imipenem
Which antibiotics have a MRSA coverage?
- Clindamycin
- Co-trimoazole
- Linezolid
- Tetracycline
- Rifampicin and fusidic acid - neither should be used alone for an MRSA infection due to risk of resistance developing
- glycopeptide
- daptomycin
- trimethoprim
- nitrofurantoin
Which antibiotics are solely gram-positive coverage?
- Glycopeptides
- Linezolide
- Teicoplanin
- Daptomycin
Which antibiotics are soley gram-negative coverage?
- ceftazidimine
- aminoglycosides
Which antibiotics are active against pseudomonas spp?
- ceftazidime - 3rd gen cephalosporin
- carbapenems - only imipenem and meropenem
- aminoglycosides - gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin
- ciprofloxacin
- tazobactam
Which antibiotics are active against anaerobes?
- metronidazole
- vancomycin PO
- carbapenems - imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
- clindamycin
- co-amoxiclav
Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?
- clindamycin
- cephalosporins
- penicillin
- erythromycin
Which antibiotics aren’t safe in pregnancy?
- chloramphenicol - 3rd trimester can cause “grey-baby syndrome”
- nitrofurantoin - avoid at term
- quinolones - athropathy risk
- tetracyclines - impairs skeletal and bone development
- clarithromycin - avoid esp in first trimester
- trimethoprim - avoid during 1st trimester
Which antibiotics are mostly nephrotoxic?
- aminoglycosides
- glycopeptides
Which antibiotics are mostly ototoxic?
- aminoglycosides - risk of irreversible ototoxicity - can’t use with loop diuretics
Which antibiotics are mostly hepatic toxic?
- fluclox - jaundice can occur within 2 months of stopping. This is increased if given with methotrexate
Which antibiotics are mostly ocular toxic?
- ethambutol - check eyes before and after treatment
- linezolid - risk of eye damage increased if used for more than 28 days
Which antibiotics can increase the risk of toxic mega colon?
- co-amoxiclav - least likely drug to be used in infections like C.diff
Which antibiotics can cause tinnitus?
- vancomycin - avoid use in those who are deaf. Loop diuretics can cause this too!
Which antibiotic can cause red man syndrome?
- vancomycin - occurs when an IV solution is infused rapidly. This happens due to the overstimulation of muscle cells causing release of histamine
Which antibiotics can cause a black furry tongue?
- amoxicillin - rare SE
Which antibiotics must you discontinue if intracranial HTN occurs?
- Tetracyclines - risk is increased if they’re given with isotretinoin
Which antibiotics must be discontinued if diarrhoea occurs?
- Clindamycin - carries the greatest risk of C.difficile
Which antibiotics are the most at risk of tendon damage and arthropathy?
- quinolones - arthropathy - joint inflammation, this is the reason they are not recommended in adolescents or children, arthropathy risk is greatest in them.
Key abx interactions: Trimethoprim & warfarin?
Trimethoprim increases warfarins anticoagulation effect
Key abx interactions: Alcohol and metronidazole/tinidazole
Avoid alcohol during and 48h after antibiotic course ends
Key abx interactions: Macrolides & simvastatin
omit statin during macrolide therapy and resume afterwards
Key abx interactions: Tetracycline & isotretinoin
- increases risk of intracranial HTN
Key abx interactions: quinolones and NSAIDS
increase risk of seizures
Key abx interactions: Macrolides & (Li, citalopram, antipsychotics)
Increase risk of QT prolongation
Key abx interactions: rivaroxaban and erythromycin
Increased risk of bleeding
Key abx interactions: methotrexate & fluclox
increased risk of hepatotoxicity
Which antibiotics do you need to take on an empty stomach?
- tetracyclines
- sulfonamides
- ciprofloxacin
- azithromycin capsules
- penicillins - except amoxicillin that can be taken AFTER or BEFORE food and pivmecilinam TAKEN W FOOD
Which antibiotics do you take with or after meals?
- nitrofurantoin
- metronidazole
- erythromycin
- clarithromycin MR tabs
- trimethoprim
- itraconazole
- griseofulvin
Which antibiotics do you take with a full glass of water?
- clindamycin
- metronidazole
- doxycycline
Which tetracyclines do you take with milk?
- doxycycline
- lymecycline
- minocycline
Does Like Milk
MHRA alert: QUINOLONE
- Tendon damage - more likely if taking corticosteroids or > 60 years
- Arthropathy risk in children and adolescents thus avoid in this age group
- Disabling and potentially long-lasting.irreversible SEs
- Aortic aneruysm and dissection
If sudden onset of back pain or severe abdominal chest pain - seek MDA
MHRA alert: Erythromycin
- Pts with QT prolongation history - AVOID
- Avoid rivaroxaban and erythromycin - INCREASED BLEEDING RISK
- known risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esp first 14 days post birth
MHRA alert: Aminoglycosides
- Risk of histamine-related adverse drug reactions with some batches
Which antibiotics cause urine discolouration?
- metronidazole - dark brown or black urine
- nitrofurantoin
