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Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. > Abx: bacterias > Flashcards

Abx: bacterias Flashcards

1
Q

Generally, which Abx would you go for staphylococci?

A

Flucloxacillin

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2
Q

Generally, which Abx would you go for MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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3
Q

Generally, which Abx would you go for streptococci?

A

Benzylpenicillin OR phenoxymethylpenicillin

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4
Q

Generally, which Abx would you go for anaerobic bacteria?

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

Most common pathogen for CAP?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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6
Q

Most common pathogen for UTI?

A

E. Coli

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7
Q

Most common pathogen for thrush?

A

Candida Albicans

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8
Q

Most common pathogen for cellulitis?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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9
Q

Most common pathogen for meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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10
Q

Which Abx are narrow spectrum?

A
  • Penicillin (Pen V + Pen G)
  • Glycopeptides
  • Trimethoprim
  • Linezolid
  • Clindamycin
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11
Q

Which Abx are broad spectrum?

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin)
  • Tetracycline
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Macrolides
  • Cephalosporins
  • Quinolones
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12
Q

Which Abx are anaerobic spectrum?

A

Metronidazole

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13
Q

Which Abx are bacteriostatic?

A

This prevents bacterial growth:

  • chloramphenicol
  • linezolid
  • tetracycline
  • macrolides
  • clindamycin
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14
Q

Which Abx are bactericidal?

A

Kills bacteria:

  • cephalosporins
  • aminoglycosides
  • nitrofurantoin
  • trimethoprim
  • quinolones
  • metronidazole
  • glycopeptides
  • penicillins
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15
Q

Which Abx should be taken in caution in pts with myasthenia gravis?

A
  • Quinolones
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
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16
Q

Which Abx are nephrotoxic?

A
  • nitrofurantoin
  • aminoglycosides
  • glycopeptides
  • tetracyclines
  • trimethoprim
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17
Q

Which Abx are hepatotoxic?

A
  • macrolides
  • flucloxacillin
  • co-amoxiclav
  • chloramphenicol
  • nitrofurantoin
  • tetracyclines
  • rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide
18
Q

Which bacteria are gram-positive?

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis - but doesn’t take up Gram stain due to high mycolic acid content
  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococcus
  • Enterococci
  • Listeria
  • C. difficile anaerobe
  • Bacillus
19
Q

Which bacteria are gram-negative?

A
  • E.Coli
  • Shigella
  • Enterobacter
  • Bacteroides anaerobe
  • Helicobacter
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Salmonella
20
Q

Which Abx are used for atypical bacteria?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Quinolones
  • Chloramphenicol
21
Q

Atypical bacteria - MACROLIDES

A

MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit

Notable AE: QT prolongation, hepatic function, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, can alter GI motility

22
Q

Atypical bacteria - TETRACYCLINES

A

MoA: Inhibits 30S subunit
Notable AE’s: Erosive esophagitis, photosensitivity, tissue hyperpigmentation (more common in children)
Other info: Should be taken with plenty of water to reduce the chance of esophagitis

23
Q

Atypical bacteria - QUINOLONES

A

MoA: Inhibits DNA synthesis
Notable AE’s: QT prolongation, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, tendonopathy and tendon rupture (risk factors: age>60 years, female gender, renal impairment, post-transplant, use of oral steroids)
Other info: Cipro should not be used for atypical respiratory infections due to poor Streptococcal coverage

24
Q

Atypical bacteria - CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit
Notable AEs: Aplastic anaemia (risk is 1/24000 - 40000 for oral formulation)
Other info: Although rarely used in developed nations, very common in developing world.

25
Q

Which Abx fight anaerobic bacteria?

A
  • metronidazole

- vancomycin oral for treatment of C.difficile

26
Q

Which Abx fight gram-negative bacteria?

A
  • Ceftazidime => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives
  • Aminoglycosides => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives

Such as: E. coli; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; H. Pylori; Shigella; Legionella

27
Q

Which Abx fight gram-positive bacteria?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
  • Glycopeptides
  • Penicillin

Such as: Streptococcus; Staphylococcus; MRSA, MSSA; C. difficile

28
Q

Which Abx fight both gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria?

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Tetracyclines
  • Cephalosporins - namely ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefurioxime
  • Trimethoprim
  • Nitrofurantoin
29
Q

Which Abx fight gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria?

A
  • Linezolid

- Clindamycin

30
Q

Which Abx fights gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria?

A
  • Co-amoxiclav
  • PipTaz
  • Carbapenems
31
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - UTI

A

E. Coli

32
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acne Vulgaris

A

Propionibacterium acnes

33
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyrogenes

34
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

35
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

36
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Meningitis - Adult

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

37
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - CAP

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

39
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chronic sinusitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Enterobacteriaceae spp

Pseudomonas

40
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acute sinusitis

A

Streptococcus peumoniae and H influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Staphylococcus aureus

41
Q

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphlococcus aureus

H. influenzae

Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. (28 decks)

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