Abx: bacterias Flashcards
Generally, which Abx would you go for staphylococci?
Flucloxacillin
Generally, which Abx would you go for MRSA?
Vancomycin
Generally, which Abx would you go for streptococci?
Benzylpenicillin OR phenoxymethylpenicillin
Generally, which Abx would you go for anaerobic bacteria?
Metronidazole
Most common pathogen for CAP?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Most common pathogen for UTI?
E. Coli
Most common pathogen for thrush?
Candida Albicans
Most common pathogen for cellulitis?
Staphylococcus Aureus
Most common pathogen for meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which Abx are narrow spectrum?
- Penicillin (Pen V + Pen G)
- Glycopeptides
- Trimethoprim
- Linezolid
- Clindamycin
Which Abx are broad spectrum?
- Chloramphenicol
- Aminoglycosides
- Penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin)
- Tetracycline
- Nitrofurantoin
- Macrolides
- Cephalosporins
- Quinolones
Which Abx are anaerobic spectrum?
Metronidazole
Which Abx are bacteriostatic?
This prevents bacterial growth:
- chloramphenicol
- linezolid
- tetracycline
- macrolides
- clindamycin
Which Abx are bactericidal?
Kills bacteria:
- cephalosporins
- aminoglycosides
- nitrofurantoin
- trimethoprim
- quinolones
- metronidazole
- glycopeptides
- penicillins
Which Abx should be taken in caution in pts with myasthenia gravis?
- Quinolones
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
Which Abx are nephrotoxic?
- nitrofurantoin
- aminoglycosides
- glycopeptides
- tetracyclines
- trimethoprim
Which Abx are hepatotoxic?
- macrolides
- flucloxacillin
- co-amoxiclav
- chloramphenicol
- nitrofurantoin
- tetracyclines
- rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide
Which bacteria are gram-positive?
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis - but doesn’t take up Gram stain due to high mycolic acid content
- Staphylococci
- Streptococcus
- Enterococci
- Listeria
- C. difficile anaerobe
- Bacillus
Which bacteria are gram-negative?
- E.Coli
- Shigella
- Enterobacter
- Bacteroides anaerobe
- Helicobacter
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas
- Salmonella
Which Abx are used for atypical bacteria?
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Quinolones
- Chloramphenicol
Atypical bacteria - MACROLIDES
MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit
Notable AE: QT prolongation, hepatic function, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, can alter GI motility
Atypical bacteria - TETRACYCLINES
MoA: Inhibits 30S subunit
Notable AE’s: Erosive esophagitis, photosensitivity, tissue hyperpigmentation (more common in children)
Other info: Should be taken with plenty of water to reduce the chance of esophagitis
Atypical bacteria - QUINOLONES
MoA: Inhibits DNA synthesis
Notable AE’s: QT prolongation, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, tendonopathy and tendon rupture (risk factors: age>60 years, female gender, renal impairment, post-transplant, use of oral steroids)
Other info: Cipro should not be used for atypical respiratory infections due to poor Streptococcal coverage
Atypical bacteria - CHLORAMPHENICOL
MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit
Notable AEs: Aplastic anaemia (risk is 1/24000 - 40000 for oral formulation)
Other info: Although rarely used in developed nations, very common in developing world.
Which Abx fight anaerobic bacteria?
- metronidazole
- vancomycin oral for treatment of C.difficile
Which Abx fight gram-negative bacteria?
- Ceftazidime => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives
- Aminoglycosides => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives
Such as: E. coli; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; H. Pylori; Shigella; Legionella
Which Abx fight gram-positive bacteria?
- Macrolides
- Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
- Glycopeptides
- Penicillin
Such as: Streptococcus; Staphylococcus; MRSA, MSSA; C. difficile
Which Abx fight both gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria?
- Chloramphenicol
- Tetracyclines
- Cephalosporins - namely ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefurioxime
- Trimethoprim
- Nitrofurantoin
Which Abx fight gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria?
- Linezolid
- Clindamycin
Which Abx fights gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria?
- Co-amoxiclav
- PipTaz
- Carbapenems
Usual causative organisms for common infections - UTI
E. Coli
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acne Vulgaris
Propionibacterium acnes
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Cellulitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyrogenes
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Impetigo
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Candida albicans
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Meningitis - Adult
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Usual causative organisms for common infections - CAP
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chronic sinusitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacteriaceae spp
Pseudomonas
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acute sinusitis
Streptococcus peumoniae and H influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Usual causative organisms for common infections - Bacterial conjunctivitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphlococcus aureus
H. influenzae
