Abx: bacterias Flashcards by Jessica Fu

Generally, which Abx would you go for staphylococci?

Flucloxacillin

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Generally, which Abx would you go for MRSA?

Vancomycin

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Generally, which Abx would you go for streptococci?

Benzylpenicillin OR phenoxymethylpenicillin

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Generally, which Abx would you go for anaerobic bacteria?

Metronidazole

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Most common pathogen for CAP?

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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Most common pathogen for UTI?

E. Coli

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Most common pathogen for thrush?

Candida Albicans

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Most common pathogen for cellulitis?

Staphylococcus Aureus

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Most common pathogen for meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Which Abx are narrow spectrum?

Penicillin (Pen V + Pen G)
Glycopeptides
Trimethoprim
Linezolid
Clindamycin

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Which Abx are broad spectrum?

Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin)
Tetracycline
Nitrofurantoin
Macrolides
Cephalosporins
Quinolones

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Which Abx are anaerobic spectrum?

Metronidazole

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Which Abx are bacteriostatic?

This prevents bacterial growth:

chloramphenicol
linezolid
tetracycline
macrolides
clindamycin

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Which Abx are bactericidal?

Kills bacteria:

cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoin
trimethoprim
quinolones
metronidazole
glycopeptides
penicillins

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Which Abx should be taken in caution in pts with myasthenia gravis?

Quinolones
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

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Which Abx are nephrotoxic?

nitrofurantoin
aminoglycosides
glycopeptides
tetracyclines
trimethoprim

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Which Abx are hepatotoxic?

macrolides
flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
chloramphenicol
nitrofurantoin
tetracyclines
rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide

Which bacteria are gram-positive?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis - but doesn’t take up Gram stain due to high mycolic acid content
Staphylococci
Streptococcus
Enterococci
Listeria
C. difficile anaerobe
Bacillus

Which bacteria are gram-negative?

E.Coli
Shigella
Enterobacter
Bacteroides anaerobe
Helicobacter
Klebsiella
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Salmonella

Which Abx are used for atypical bacteria?

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Quinolones
Chloramphenicol

Atypical bacteria - MACROLIDES

MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit

Notable AE: QT prolongation, hepatic function, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, can alter GI motility

Atypical bacteria - TETRACYCLINES

MoA: Inhibits 30S subunit
Notable AE’s: Erosive esophagitis, photosensitivity, tissue hyperpigmentation (more common in children)
Other info: Should be taken with plenty of water to reduce the chance of esophagitis

Atypical bacteria - QUINOLONES

MoA: Inhibits DNA synthesis
Notable AE’s: QT prolongation, may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, tendonopathy and tendon rupture (risk factors: age>60 years, female gender, renal impairment, post-transplant, use of oral steroids)
Other info: Cipro should not be used for atypical respiratory infections due to poor Streptococcal coverage

Atypical bacteria - CHLORAMPHENICOL

MoA: Inhibits 50S subunit
Notable AEs: Aplastic anaemia (risk is 1/24000 - 40000 for oral formulation)
Other info: Although rarely used in developed nations, very common in developing world.

Which Abx fight anaerobic bacteria?

- metronidazole | - vancomycin oral for treatment of C.difficile

Which Abx fight gram-negative bacteria?

- Ceftazidime => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives - Aminoglycosides => mostly active against gram-negatives and some gram-positives Such as: E. coli; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; H. Pylori; Shigella; Legionella

Which Abx fight gram-positive bacteria?

- Macrolides - Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin - Glycopeptides - Penicillin Such as: Streptococcus; Staphylococcus; MRSA, MSSA; C. difficile

Which Abx fight both gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria?

- Chloramphenicol - Tetracyclines - Cephalosporins - namely ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefurioxime - Trimethoprim - Nitrofurantoin

Which Abx fight gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria?

- Linezolid | - Clindamycin

Which Abx fights gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria?

- Co-amoxiclav - PipTaz - Carbapenems

Usual causative organisms for common infections - UTI

E. Coli

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acne Vulgaris

Propionibacterium acnes

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Cellulitis

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyrogenes

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Impetigo

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Candida albicans

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Meningitis - Adult

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Usual causative organisms for common infections - CAP

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Chronic sinusitis

Staphylococcus aureus Enterobacteriaceae spp Pseudomonas

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Acute sinusitis

Streptococcus peumoniae and H influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus

Usual causative organisms for common infections - Bacterial conjunctivitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphlococcus aureus H. influenzae