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Nutrition > Vitamin D > Flashcards

Vitamin D Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plant form of vitamin D called?

A

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

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2
Q

What is the animal form of vitamin D called?

A

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)

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3
Q

What is the time frame and frequency for vitamin D synthesis?

A

5-10 min between 10AM -3PM. 2-3x/week

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4
Q

When intake of vitamin D3 happens via food how is it absorbed and digested?

A

50% absorbed by passive diffusion in the SI

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5
Q

Where in the SI is vitamin D3 mostly absorbed?

A

Ileum

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6
Q

After absorption, where does vitamin D go and how does it get there?

A

Goes to liver.

60% packed into chylomicrons -> Liver
40% bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP) -> Liver

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7
Q

How does vitamin D that is taken in by the skin get to the liver?

A

Bound to DBP

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8
Q

What form is Vitamin D3 in the liver? What is its half life?

A

Calcidiol: 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (Inactive) - 60 days half life

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9
Q

What form is Vitamin D3 in the kidneys? What is its half life?

A

Calcitriol: 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (active) - 4 to 6 hour half life

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10
Q

Where is Vitamin D found in high concentrations?

A

Kidneys (limits amount of active calcitriol)

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11
Q

24 hydroxylase is found in all cells. What do mutations to this gene cause?

A

Hypercalcemia

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12
Q

T/F

All cells contain vitamin D receptors? Vitamin D is known to control >200 genes

A

True

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13
Q

How is vitamin D3, calcidiol and calcitriol transported to tissues from the blood?

A

Via DBPs

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14
Q

What minerals does vitamin D balance?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

Vitamin D functions in cell differentiation and growth. How does it affect cancer cells?

A

Prevents cancer cells from replicating.

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16
Q

Vitamin D plays a role in cell differentiation in regards to many systems. What are some examples?

A

Immune system, nervous system, prevention of CVD and MS, etc.

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17
Q

What does Vitamin D turn stem cell monocytes into?

A

Osteoclasts

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18
Q

How does Vitamin D affect gene expression ultimately?

A

By acting as a transcription factor for target genes

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19
Q

What does a severe vitamin D deficiency do to muscles?

A

Induces type II fiber degradation

20
Q

How does vitamin D affect insulin sensitivity?

A

Aids in improving it

21
Q

T/F

Vitamin D has a powerful antiinflammatory effect?

A

True, this may be why adequate vit D intake may decrease the production of solid tumors

22
Q

What is the vitamin D level appropriate overall for adults?

A

For ages 1-70 technically 600 IUs, but at least 800 IUs seems to be most appropriate for adults.

23
Q

What is the adequate vit D intake for infants (<1 year)?

A

400 IUs

24
Q

What are poor sources of vitamin D?

A

Breast milk, unfortified dairy

25
Q

A vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) is often misdiagnosed as what condition?

A

Fibromyalgia

26
Q

What is the normal (minimum amount to prevent rickets) of vitamin D?

A

30-80 ng/mL

27
Q

If serum levels of vit D are deficient, how much will it take to achieve normal levels?

A

1000 IU daily for 2 to 3 months

28
Q

What clinical sign or symptom is associated with hyperkeratosis?

A

Xerophthalmia

29
Q

What is the precursor for endogenously produced vitamin D?

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

In what organ does the enzyme Alpha-1-hydroxylase hydroxylate vitamin D3 to its fully active form?

A

Kidney

31
Q

Dietary vitamin D is transported via ________; while endogenous vit D is transported via _______

A

Chylomicrons; DBP

32
Q

How does Vit D increase calcium absorption?

A

Induced synthesis of Ca++ binding protein

33
Q

What does hypovitaminosis D do to bones?

A

Soft, spongy bones. Rickets(children) Osteomalacia (adults).

34
Q

T/F

Low back pain is implicated in hypovitaminosis D

A

True

35
Q

What kind of inflammatory conditions are associated with hypovitaminosis D?

A

RA, inflammatory bowel disease.

36
Q

What kind of psychological conditions are associated with hypovitaminosis D?

A

Depression, alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, anxiety

37
Q

What are some cardiovascular issues associated with hypovitaminosis D?

A

Hypertension, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome.

38
Q

T/F

Diabetes can associated with hypovitaminosis D

A

True

39
Q

T/F

Solid cancers can be associated with hypovitaminosis D

A

True

40
Q

What are 3 major causes of hypovitaminosis D?

A

Reduced skin synthesis
Decreased bioavailability (malabs, obesity)
Other

41
Q

What are some causes of vit D deficiency under the “other” category?

A

Breastfeeding
Liver/kidney failure
Phosphate depletion

42
Q

What is the safe upper limit for vit D?

A

4,000 IU/day

43
Q

What is toxic serum calcidiol?

A

> 150 ng/mL

44
Q

T/F

There have been a few cases identified, of vit D toxicity due to excessive sunlight

A

False,

No cases

45
Q

What are 3 conditions where Vit D supplementation is cautioned

A
  1. Hyperparathyroidism
  2. Granulomatous disorders (sarcoidosis, TB)
  3. Some lymphomas

Nutrition (11 decks)

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