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Nutrition > Pantothenic Acid/Pyridoxine/Biotin/Folate > Flashcards

Pantothenic Acid/Pyridoxine/Biotin/Folate Flashcards

1
Q

What two molecules make up pantothenic acid?

A

Beta-alanine

Pantoic acid

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2
Q

What important metabolic pathway intermediates is pantothenic acid apart of?

A

CoA

Acyl carrier protein (ACP)

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3
Q

What are several sources of Pantothenic acid?

A 
Meats
Poultry
Egg yolk
Legumes
Whole grains
Potatoes
Broccoli
Mushrooms
Avacados
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4
Q

What condition is associated with B5 deficiency?

A

Burning feet syndrome (numb toes, burning of feet, depression, fatigue, insomnia and weakness).

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5
Q

How common is burning feet syndrome?

A

Rare

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6
Q

What is the toxicity limit for B5?

A

None

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7
Q

What larger compound is Biotic (B7) apart of?

A

Biocytin: Biotin + Lysine

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8
Q

What is the noncoenzyme role of biotin?`

A

Transcription of several enzymes

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9
Q

What is the coenzymatic function of Biotic?

A

Bound to several carboxylases

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10
Q

Biotin is very important to what metabolic pathway?

A

Fatty acid synthesis (the committed step).

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11
Q

What is the biotin RDA?

A

30 mg for adults

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12
Q

What are the sources of Biotin (B7)

A 
Bacteria in LI 
Widely distributed in foods
Peanuts
Almonds
Soy
Eggs
Dairy
Sweet potatoes
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13
Q

What metabolic considerations should one take into account when getting their B7 from eggs?

A

Avidin in raw egg whites is a biotic chelator - will bind and prevent absorption

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14
Q

T/F

Biotin deficiency is one of the more common B-vitamin deficiencies

A

False

Rare

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15
Q

What are some symptoms associated with biotin deficiecy?

A

Dermatitis, glossitis, anorexia, depression, hepatic steatosis, hypercholesterolemia

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16
Q

50-80% of pregnant women have marginal biotin deficiency which can lead to what complications?

A

birth defects or abnormal metabolism

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17
Q

What is the toxicity for Biotin?

A

None

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18
Q

Which B-vitamin is NOT involved in pyruvate -> acetyl CoA?

A

Biotin (turns pyruvate into oxaloacetate)

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19
Q

Which vitamin is not involved in the ETS

A

Vitamin C

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20
Q

Niacin synthesis requires…?

A

B2, B6

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21
Q

Glossitis with a magenta tongue is a clinical indication of what deficiency?

A

Riboflavin

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22
Q

NAD is a coenzyme for which class of enzymes?

A

Dehydrogenase

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23
Q

Which vitamin is NOT involved in beta-oxidation of even numbered fatty acids?

A

Biotin

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24
Q

Pantothenic acid is involved in fatty acid synthesis as part of…

A

Acyl carrier protein

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25
Q

Meats are not a good source of which B vitamin?

A

Biotin

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26
Q

What are the functions of pyridoxine (B6)

A

Coenzyme (PLP)

Required for amino acid and glycogen metabolism

Required for synthesis of heme, sphingolipids in myelin sheath, steroids, niacin, neurotransmitters (Serotonin, epinephrine, NE, GABA), and histidine.

27
Q

What is the RDA for B6?

A

Aduts (19-50) = 1.3 mg
Men (>51) = 1.7 mg
Women (>51) = 1.5 mg

28
Q

What are the sources of B6?

A 
Meats
Whole grain wheat
Veggies
Nuts
Fortified cereal
29
Q

Which source makes for a higher bioavailablity for B6, animal or plant?

A

Animal

30
Q

How common is Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Rare

31
Q

What are the signs of B6 deficiency?

A

Glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, epileptic seizures

32
Q

Who is at risk for a B6 deficiency

A

Patients on corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, penicillin and isoniazid (TB meds)

Celiacs disease
Renal disease

33
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake of B6?

A

100 mg/day

34
Q

What are some side effects of B6 toxicity?

A

Sensory and peripheral neuropathy, degeneration of DRG and sensory nerve fibers, demyelination.

35
Q

What does “folate” mean?

A

Leaf

36
Q

Folate (B9) or aka…

A

Pteroylmonoglutamic acid

37
Q

What 3 molecules make up folate?

A

Glutamte, Pteridine, PABA

38
Q

T/F

Folic acid (reduced form in supplements) does not need to be digested

A

True

39
Q

Folate contains glutamic acid residues in the brush border which are removed by…

A

Conjugase (Zn dependant enzyme. Pac man character)

Turns folate polyglutamate into folate monoglutamate

40
Q

What are some conjugase inhibitors (affecting folate)

A

Legumes, oranges, cabbage, chronic alcohol consumption

41
Q

Where is 80% of folate absorbed?

A

SI

42
Q

Folate (folate monoglutamate) is reduced in the enterocyte to what?

A

THF tetrahydrofolate

43
Q

After becoming THF where does folate go?

A

To the liver bound to folate binding protein in plasma.

44
Q

After the liver where does folate go?

A

To the blood where 50% then goes back to the liver for storage, and the remaining goes to cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells

45
Q

What are the 4 functions of Folate?

A

Donor and acceptor in 1 carbor metabolism (CH3)

DNA synthesis and repair

Formation of RBC & WBC

AA metabolism: histidine to glutamate. Homocystein to methionine (along with B12)

46
Q

What two functions of folate are important in embryogensis?

A

DNA synthesis and repair

Formation of RBC & WBC

47
Q

What happens to folate metabolically without B12?

A

Without B12 THF cannot be regenerated and folate is trapped as 5-methyl THF (called methyl-folate trap)

48
Q

What is the RDA for folate?

A

Adults = 400 micrograms

49
Q

What are sources of folate?

A 
Dark green leafy veggies
mushrooms
liver
legumes
fortified cereals
orange juice
50
Q

50-90% of folate is lost during what processes?

A

Cooking, storage.

51
Q

What kind of anemia develops from a folate deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

52
Q

T/F

Megaloblatic anemia is common in the US?

A

True

53
Q

What happens to RBCs in megaloblastic anemia

A

Large RBC due to inadequate DNA synthesis

54
Q

What other deficiency is megaloblasic anemia found in?

A

B12 deficiency

55
Q

How long can one be deficient in folate before megaloblastic anemia shows up?

A

1 month low folate diet

56
Q

What are some symptoms that come along with megaloblastic anemia?

A

Fatigue, headaches, difficulty concentrating, shortness of breath, palpitation

57
Q

What neural tube defects are associated with folate deficiency?

A

Spina bifida, anencephaly

58
Q

How effective is folate supplementation in prevent neural tube defects?

A

> 70% !!!

59
Q

T/F

Folate reduces cancer risk

A

True.

60
Q

Where is folate most effective dose wise in reducing cancer?

A

Right in the middle, optimal range.

61
Q

What nutritent-gene interaction is Folate important in?

A

Patients with the 677TT polymorphism have increased risk of breast and esophageal cancer, migraines, heart disease, infertility and miscarriages, fx.

Need more folate in diet (prefereably) and possibly more riboflavin and niacine

62
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake for folate?

A

1 mg

63
Q

What two things can high doses of folate do?

A

Mask a B12 deficiency

Bind with zinc in the GI tracts, causing a zinc deficiency

Nutrition (11 decks)

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